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泌尿疾病练习题一、A1选择题:1.肾性水肿易出现于································································(A)A.眼睑、颜面B.胫前、足踝C.背部、骶部D.阴囊、会阴E.胸腔、腹腔2.肾性水肿病人需安静卧床,其主要理由是卧床可·························(E)A.增加食欲B.减轻心脏负担C.减少感染机会D.促进静脉回流E.减轻肾脏负担及利尿3.下列那项护理措施不能减轻尿路刺激症状··································(E)A.解除焦虑情绪B.多饮水C.调整尿液酸碱度D.保持外阴部清洁E.下腹部冷敷4.急性肾盂肾炎病人肾功能检查结果是········································(E)A.内生肌酐清除率降低B.血尿素氮增高C.酚红排泄率下降D.尿比重低而固定E.无异常发现5.护理肾性水肿患者不正确的是·················································(E)A.严重水肿时要控制入水量B.翻身每天4~6次C.注射药物后局部以干棉球按压D静注输液应慢滴.E.按病情给予低盐低蛋白饮食6.长期使用那种药物的病人易患肾盂肾炎·····································(D)A.非甾体类抗炎药B.利尿药C.降压药D.糖皮质激素E.降血脂药7.易引起肾盂肾炎的疾病是·······················································(D)A.高血压高B.缺铁性贫血C.肺炎链球菌肺炎D.糖尿病E.慢性肝炎8.急性肾盂肾炎的典型症状是······················································(B)A.尿频、尿量增多、夜尿B.畏寒、发热、尿频、尿急、尿痛C.发热、腰病、乏力、恶心呕吐D.眼睑浮肿、尿量减少E.低热、疲倦、乏力、夜尿9.急性肾盂肾炎尿检查的主要特征是···········································(B)A.血尿B.脓尿C.蛋白尿D.管型尿E.低比重尿10.急性肾盂肾炎最重要的护理措施是··········································(B)A.卧床休息B.多饮水C.高锰酸钾坐浴D.观察药物毒副反应E.每日留尿送检11.鼓励肾盂肾炎病人多饮水的目的是··········································(D)A.维持体液平衡B.加速退热C.减少药物毒性反应D.促进细菌毒素及炎性分泌物排出E.保持口腔清洁12.下列那种药物在酸性尿液中抗菌作用较强································(A)A.青霉素B.庆大霉素C.卡那霉素D.呋喃妥英E.复方新诺明13.呋喃妥英最常见的不良反应是················································(A)A.恶心呕吐B.头痛、头晕C.白细胞减少D.未梢神经炎E.肾功能损害14.急性肾盂肾炎的治愈标准是···················································(E)A.全身及局部症状消失B.尿常规正常C.尿细菌培养阴性D.尿菌落叶数培养≤104/mlE.停药后每周尿常规和培养一次,共2~3周,以及第6周再复查一次均阴性15.不符合慢性肾盂肾炎临床表现的是··········································(E)A.情绪消极B.低热、倦怠C.无症状性菌尿D.夜尿增多E.尿蛋白++++16.下列有关肾盂肾炎健康教育的内容,错误的是··························(E)A.避免劳累及便秘B.平时多饮水,勤排尿C.药物治疗须按医嘱完成疗程D.急性期愈合一年内避孕妇娠E.慢性期坚持药物预防17.肾病综合征的特征不包括······················································(E)A.高度水肿B.大量蛋白尿C.低蛋白血症D.高脂血症E.高血压18.肾小球肾炎不出现·······························································(C)A.蛋白尿B.血尿C.脓尿D.管型尿E.低比重尿19.诊断慢性肾小球肾炎不可缺少的一项是····································(D)A.水肿B.高血压C.血尿D.蛋白尿E.贫血20.提示慢性肾炎预后不良的是···················································(B)A.颗粒管型B.蜡样管型C.红细胞管型D.透明管型E.白细胞管型21.下列慢性肾炎的健康教育内容中,错误的是······························(B)A.避免劳累、受凉B.高蛋白饮食C.育龄妇女注意避孕D.按时测量血压,调整降压药剂量E.禁用肾毒性药物22.慢性肾炎病人在什么时候采用优质低蛋白饮食较妥···················(A)A.尽早采用B.水肿明显时C.血压明显增高时D.血肌酐增高时E.尿毒症期23.慢性肾功能衰竭最常见的诱因是·············································(B)A.摄入过多蛋白质B.感染C.过度劳累D.血压过低E.脱水24.慢性肾功能衰竭的早期症状是················································(B)A.神清淡漠、嗜睡B.厌食、恶心、呕吐C.呼吸深大、咳嗽D.口腔氨臭味、腹泻E.皮肤瘙痒、紫癜25.慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期的最主要的表现是······························(D)A.水肿B.贫血C.消化道症状D.水、电解质及酸碱平衡失调E.血肌酐增高26.肾功能衰竭贫血的主要原因是················································(C)A.红细胞破坏过多B.慢性失血C.红细胞生成素减少D.营养不良E.骨髓造血组织减少27.肾功能衰竭病人出现那种表现应考虑并发代谢性酸中毒··············(C)A.胸闷、咳嗽B.胸痛、咯血C.呼吸深大D.咳粉红色咆沫痰E.气急、紫绀28.慢性肾功能衰竭后期病人常出现的危急情况是··························(D)A.头痛B.贫血、出血C.呼吸困难D.少尿、高血钾E.口腔氨臭味29.下列尿常规检查中,那项最能反映尿毒症病人的肾功能状况·····(A)A.比重B.蛋白定性C.红细胞数.D.白细胞数E.管型数30.尿毒症病人静脉滴注碳酸氨钠溶液后出现于手足抽搦是由于········(E)A.低钾血症B.高钠血症致脑水肿C.血清总钙水平下降D.血清结合钙水平下降E.血清游离钙水平下降31.护理慢性肾功能衰竭病人,最重要的是····································(D)A.每日测血压2次B.每日测体重1次C.每日测体温4次D.每日记录出入液量E.检查每日尿液化验结果32.下列那种疾病应严格限制植物性蛋白摄入·································(D)A.肝性脑病B.糖尿病C.肺性脑病D.尿毒症E.甲状腺功能亢进症33.慢性肾功能衰竭病人易出现那种内分泌功能失常·······················(C)A.脑垂体B.甲状腺C.甲状旁腺D.性腺E.甲状腺功能亢进症34.尿毒症病人皮肤护理错误的是················································(A)A.勤用肥皂洗澡B.皮肤瘙痒明显可用温水擦洗C.勤换衣服D.经常更换卧姿E.按摩受压部位35.慢性肾功能衰竭贫血的主要原因是··········································(D)A.红细胞破坏B.营养不良C.慢性失血D.红细胞生成素减少E.骨髓造血组织减少36.慢性肾功能衰竭最常见的病因为·············································(B)A.肾盂肾炎B.慢性肾小球肾炎C.泌尿系结石D.肾动脉缩窄E.肾动脉硬化37.鉴别肾盂肾炎与肾小球肾炎最有价值的是前者有······················(C)A.蛋白尿B.浮肿C.尿细菌培养阳性D.贫血E.肾功能不全38、做清洁中段尿培养,正确的是(A)A、宜取在膀胱内停留6~8小时的尿液B、宜在停用抗菌药物48小时后收集尿液C、留取尿液前用消毒剂清洗外阴部D、尿液留置于清洁容器内E、尿标本如不能立即送检,应加适量防腐剂39、以下不能减轻尿路刺激征的措施是(B)A、鼓励病人多饮水B、限制蛋白质摄入C、严重者卧床休息D、保持外阴清洁E、酌情应用解痉剂40、以下对诊断尿路感染最有意义的是(B)A、尿频、尿急、尿痛B、清洁中段悄培养细菌计数≧105/mlC、畏寒、发热、头痛D、血白细胞部总数升高E、清洁中段尿白细胞5/HP41、关于泌尿系统常见症状的描述,不正确的是(C)A、“球-管失衡”和肾小球滤过分数下降,是导致肾炎性水肿的主要原因B、长期、大量蛋白尿造成低蛋白血症,血浆胶体渗透压降低,液体从血管内渗入组织间隙,是肾病综合征出现的主要原因C、肾性水肿常发生于下垂部位D、肾性水肿好发于眼睑等组织疏松部位E、肾性水肿多伴有血压增高、蛋白尿及血尿等42、下列关于蛋白尿描述不正确的是(B)A、每日尿蛋白量超过150mg称为蛋白尿B、生理性蛋白尿一般持续时间较长C、24小时尿蛋白定量比定性检测更可靠D、蛋白尿时,排出的尿液表面有细小泡沫,且不易消失E、生理性蛋白尿每日不超过1g43、关于血尿的描述不正确的是(D)A、新鲜尿离心后沉渣每个高位镜视野红细胞3个为镜下血尿B、尿沉渣12个小时红细胞计数50万为镜下血尿C、尿液外观为洗肉水样、血样或有血凝块时,称为肉眼血尿D、1L尿含10ml血液即呈现肉眼血尿E、血尿发生原因多为肾小球肾炎、肾盂肾炎、结石、肿瘤、结核等44、下列关于肾性水肿的饮食护理,不正确的是(D)A、保证充足热量摄入,每天126~147KJ/Kg(30~35kcal/kg)B、轻度水肿尿量1000ml/天,不用过分限水,钠盐限制在3g/天以内C、严重水肿伴少尿每天摄水量应限制在1000ml以内,给予无盐饮食D、严重水肿伴低蛋白血症病人每天每千克体重0.5~0.8g蛋白质E、轻度水肿每天每千克体重0.5~0.8g蛋白质45、肾炎性水肿一般发生在(E)A、双下肢B、胸腔积液C、心包积液D、腹水E、眼睑及面部46、下列关于尿量的描述不正确的是(C)A、正常人24小时尿量为1000~2000mlB、24小时尿量少于400ml为少尿C、夜尿持续大于500ml称为夜尿增多D、24小时尿量少于100ml称为无尿E、24小时尿量大于2500ml称为多尿47、下列关于肾性高血压的描述不正确的是(D)A、指肾病变引起的血压增高B、肾实质缺血,肾素-血管紧张素、醛固酮系统被激活可引起肾素依赖性高血压C、限制水、钠摄入或增加水、钠排泄,应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂可改善高血压D、肾性高血压绝大多数是肾素依赖性的E、高血压发生或加重是导致肾功能损害的重要因素,故应给予积极治疗48、慢性肾炎必有的表现是(A)A、轻、中等量尿蛋白B、大量蛋白尿C、高热D、重度高血压E、血脂升高49、慢性肾炎的基本表现下列不正确的是(E)A、大多数有水肿B、部分以高血压为首症状C、蛋白尿D、常有颗粒管型E、血尿素氮、肌酐降低50
本文标题:执护泌尿练习题
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