影响房地产开发成本因素及控制措施的研究

1影响房地产开发成本因素及控制措施的研究摘要开发成本控制成为房地产企业工作的重心，对房地产的发展以至国民经济的健康发展有着重要意义。房地产的开发成本应该从前期调研、设计、施工和竣工验收四个方面进行控制。对房地产开发项目各阶段进行全过程成本管理与控制，用科学的方法和合理的管理措施，把每一阶段的成本控制在合理的范围和核定的投资限额以内，以求合理使用人力、物力和财力，取得较好投资效益。本文阐述了房地产开发的成本构成，成本控制与管理的原则以及在各个阶段成本控制的方法，强调只有把好每个阶段的造价控制，节约成本、降低能耗，才能促进房地产事业又快又好的发展。关键词：房地产；开发成本；成本管理；调控措施Abstract：Developmentofcostcontrolasthefocusoftheworkoftherealestatebusiness，realestate2developmentandeventhehealthydevelopmentofthenationaleconomyhasimportantsignificance.Realestatedevelopmentcostshouldbepre-research，design，constructionandfinalacceptancetocontrolfouraspects.Realestatedevelopmentprojectonthewholeprocessofthevariousphasesofcostmanagementandcontrol，withthescientificmethodandrationalmanagementmeasurestocontrolthecostofeachstageinareasonablerangeandwithintheapprovedinvestmentquota，withaviewtotherationaluseofmanpowerandmaterialresourcesandfinancialresourcestoachievegoodinvestmentreturns.Inthispaper，thecostofrealestatedevelopmentstructure，theprinciplesofcostcontrolandmanagement，andcostcontrolinallstagesofthemethod，stressesthatonlythegoodofeachstageofconstructioncostcontrol，costsavings，reducedenergyconsumption，topromoterapidandhealthydevelopmentoftherealestatebusiness.Keywords：RealEstate；DevelopmentCosts；CostManagement；ControlMeasures1目录摘要...............................................................1引言...............................................................2一、房地产开发成本要点分析.........................................2（一）房地产开发成本控制与管理的原则..................................................................................21.全面控制原则......................................................................................................................22.管理层重视原则..................................................................................................................23.经济原则..............................................................................................................................2（二）投资决策阶段的成本管理..................................................................................................3（三）立项阶段的造价控制措施..................................................................................................3（四）基建阶段的造价控制措施..................................................................................................3二、房地产开发在各个阶段的成本控制.................................4（一）决策阶段..............................................................................................................................41.重视可行性研究................................................................................................................42.从造价管理的角度讲........................................................................................................43.对工程造价影响较大的因素............................................................................................4（二）设计阶段..............................................................................................................................51.实行方案设计、工程设计的招投标制度..........................................................................52.加强技术沟通、实行限额设计..........................................................................................53.加强设计出图前的审核工作..............................................................................................5（三）招标阶段..............................................................................................................................61.招标文件与合同的编制......................................................................................................62.施工单位的选择与合同签订..............................................................................................63.施工组织设计的审定..........................................................................................................64.图纸会审..............................................................................................................................6三、成本控制的有效措施.............................................7（一）前期调研..............................................................................................................................71.认真做好市场调查研究工作..............................................................................................72.合理确定建设标准..............................................................................................................73.认真编制投资估算..............................................................................................................8（二）设计阶段..............................................................................................................................8（三）施工阶段..............................................................................................................................81.工程监理制实施与管理......................................................................................................82.严格审核承包商的索赔要求..............................................................................................93.搞好材料设备的加工订货..................................................................................................9（四）竣