定语从句总结

第1页共12页Thursday,January02,20201定语从句复习提纲※定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。一，只用that不用which的情况1，当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。如：Everythingthathappenedthenwaslikeanightmare.Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2，当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.That’stheverythingthatwecando.3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.5、主句是Therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：There’sstillaroomthatisfree.6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatweremembered.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.7、当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?8、人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.二，修饰物时只用which不用that的情况1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.2，当关系词前有介词时。例如：ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。例如：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.5、先行词为that时。例如：Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.钟是报时的装置。三，修饰人时只用who不用that的情况1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。如：ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.2、在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如：There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如：Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法当先行词为way，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用inwhich,that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如:Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Idosuchthings.比较:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.Idon’tliketheway（that/inwhich）helooksatme.Theway_that/inwhich/不填_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.Theway_that/which/不填_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.（04湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when,where,why的用法1、先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.（作状语）Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.Istillrememberthedayswhen（=onwhich）welivedtogether.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.（作宾语）Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.2、先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导，where在从句中做状语；还可用which或that引导，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.（作状语）第2页共12页Thursday,January02,20202Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.（作宾语）Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。※“fromwhere”中的where是关系代词，可以引导定语从句。例如：Shestoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwhereshecouldseethewholegarden.(=throughwhich)Heclimbeduptothetopofthetemple,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.That’stheplacefromwheretheriverbranchesout.3、先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用forwhich替代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.（作状语）Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youdidn’tfinishyourhomework?Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作宾语）Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主语）比较Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate.Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)六、whose引导的定语从句whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时，可以用“the+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhichthe+名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=thebuildingsofwhich)arebuiltontopofahill.七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句。在主句中常有thesame,so或such与as相呼应,（thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;so…as）as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。as引出的定语从句带有比较意义，从句常常只写出比较部分，但as本身不可省略。例如：Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented.Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.※比较：(1)Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）(2)Heissuc