大学物理下册常用英文单词

1大学物理下册常用英文单词及短语MechanicalOscillation（vibration）机械振动ElectromagneticOscillation电磁振荡SimpleHarmonicMotion(SHM)simpleharmonicoscillator简谐振动Superposition合成、叠加Spring弹簧Period周期frequencyAngularfrequency频率、角频率Phaseinitialphase相位、初相rotatingvector旋转矢量verticaldirections垂直方向MechanicalWave机械波PlaneHarmonicWaves平面简谐波Propagation传播Huygen’sPrinciple惠更斯原理InterferenceofWaves波的干涉StandingWave(StationaryWaves)驻波travelingwaveDopplerEffect多普勒效应Medium介质Transversewaves横波Longitudinalwaves纵波:WaveFront：(波前)Wavelength波长Crest波峰trough波谷Wavespeed波速Randomly随机Position位置Displacement位移waveequation波动方程oscillatingcurve振动曲线kinetic,potentialandtotalenergy动能、势能和总能量energyflowdensity能流密度sphericalwaves球面波PrincipleofIndependentPropagation波的独立传播原理PrincipleofSuperpositionofWaves波的叠加原理Coherentwave相干波phasedifference相位差wavepathdifference波程差constructive干涉相长destructive干涉相消interfacedraft(干涉图样)Node波节Antinode波幅importantfeatures:重要性质2Half-WaveLoss半波损失wavythinnermedium波疏介质wavydensermedium波密介质toward向着faraway背离Optics光学Visiblelight可见光lightvector光矢量Luminescence发光InterferenceofLight光的干涉CoherenceLight相干光incoherentsuperposition非相干叠加coherentsuperposition相干叠加OpticalDistance光程OpticalPathDifference光程差FilmInterference薄膜干涉Reflection反射Refraction折射Diffraction衍射Slit缝Fraunhofer夫朗和费Grating光栅PolarizedLight偏振光stableinterferencepattern稳定杆射花样lightintensity光强Young’sInterference杨氏干涉centralbrightfringe中央明纹first-orderbrightfringes第一级明纹adjacentbright(ordark)fringes相邻明暗纹Lloyd’smirrorexperiment络唉镜实验therefractiveindex折射率ThinLens薄透镜parallellight平行光in-phase同相位primaryopticalaxis主光轴secondaryopticalaxis副光轴primaryfocus主焦点focalplane焦平面opticalcenter光心Equal-inclinationinterference,isoclinalinterference等倾干涉Film薄膜Equal-thicknessinterference(等厚干涉)WedgeInterference劈尖干涉brightordarkfringes明暗纹distance距离Newton’sring牛顿环Michelson’sInterferometer迈克尔逊干涉仪Huygens-Fresnel’sPrinciple惠更斯菲涅尔原理incidentlights入射光FresnelDiffraction菲涅尔衍射Vertical垂直的centerbrightfringe中央明纹CircularHoleDiffraction圆孔衍射3Ariydisk艾丽斑Rayleighcriterion瑞丽判据Ruling刻痕glassplate平板玻璃gratingconstant光栅常数diffractionangle衍射角gratingequation光栅方程Primarymaximumfringe主机大条纹spectrumline谱线visiblefrings可见条纹incidentnormally垂直入射missingorder缺级Darkfringe暗纹equalto等于Gratingspectrum光栅光谱Obliqueincidence斜入射NatureLight自然光PolarizedLight偏振光LinearlyPolarizedLight线偏振光planepolarizedlight平面偏振光PartiallyPolarizedLight部分偏振光Polarizer起偏、偏振片Analyser检偏Thepolarizeddirection偏振方向MalusLaw马吕斯定律Extinction消光Snell’sLaw(refractionlaw)死聂耳折射定律Brewster’sLaw布如斯特定律fullpolarizationangle全偏振角orBrewsterangle布儒斯特角theKineticTheoryofGases气体动理论EquilibriumState平衡态IdealGas理想气体EquipartitionTheoryofEnergy能量均分理论Internalenergy内能MaxwellSpeedDistribution麦克斯韦速率分布BoltzmannDistribution波尔滋蔓速率分布TheMeanFreePath平均自由程vastnumberofmolecular大量分子Thermodynamics热力学Thermology热学macroscopicquantities宏观态microcosmicquantities微观态Avogadro’sconstant阿伏伽德罗常量BrownianMotion布朗运动4Attractive吸引Repulsive排斥isolatedSystem孤立系统StateParameters状态参量IdealGasEquationofState理想气体状态方程geometricparameter几何参数mechanicalparameter力学参数thermalparameter热学参数fixed固定的Theroot-mean-square(RMS)speed方均根速率Thedegreesoffreedomofmolecule分子自由度monatomicgas单原子分子diatomicgas双原子分子polyatomicgas多原子分子EnergyEquipartitiontheorem能量均分定理degreeoftranslationalfreedom平动自由度translationalkineticenergy平动动能averagekineticenergy平均动能rotationalkineticenergy转动动能thermodynamictemperature热力学温度speeddistributionfunction速率分布函数themeanvalue平均值collisions碰撞Normalization归一化Curve曲线themostprobablespeed最可几速率averagespeed平均速度Themeanfreepath平均自由程TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律AdiabaticProcess绝热过程CarnotCycle卡诺循环CyclicalProcesses循环过程TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律Reversible可逆的&Irreversible不可逆的ProcessStatisticalMeaning统计意义Entropy熵Quasistataicprocess准静态过程Work功、Heat热、InternalEnergy内能Piston活塞Integration积分Isochoricprocess等容过程Isobaricprocess等压过程IsothermalProcesses等温过程HeatCapacities热容5SpecificHeatcapacity比热容molarheatcapacity摩尔热熔Mayer’sformular迈耶公式Adiabaticequation绝热过程adiabaticcurve绝热曲线isothermcurve等温曲线heatengine热机p-Vdiagramp-V图originalstate初态Clockwise正循环Anticlockwise逆循环Refrigerator电冰箱Theefficiencyofheatengines热机效率refrigerationcoefficient制冷系数Carnotcycle卡诺循环isothermalexpansion等温膨胀adiabaticexpansion绝热膨胀compression压缩Kelvinstatement开尔文说法Clausiusstatement克劳修斯说法worktransfersintoheat功热转换CarnotTheorem卡诺定理StatisticalMeaning统计平均