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专四语法考点串讲之四形容词、副词及比较平行结构一、形容词后置情况总结:(1)修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等时,例:Thereissomethingdifficultinthisbook.(2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例:Thisisastudentworthofpraise.(3)用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后,起强调修饰的作用。例:Theywillturntheirmotherlandintoacountry,beautifulandmodern.(4)形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例:Thepipeistwelvefeetlong.二、感叹副词what、how之间的区别:what修饰名词或名词短语,how修饰副词或形容词。如:56.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?(2012)A.Howstrangefeelingstheyare!B.Howdareyouspeaktomelikethat!C.Whatnoisetheyaremaking!D.Whatamesswearein!三、同根副词辨析:1)hard努力地hardly几乎2)late晚,迟lately近来3)most极,非常mostly主要地4)wide广阔地widely广泛地5)deep深,迟deeply抽象意义上的“深”6)near邻近nearly几乎7)express用快递方式expressly清楚地,明白地8)just恰好,正是justly正义、公正地……详细阅读课本(P276-280)并做P280-281练习题24B。四、比较等级的常见句型:(1)as+原级+as(as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+as),其否定形式为notas/so+原级+as(2)比较级+than+比较对象(less+原级+比较对象)(3)比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+原级(4)the+比较级…,the+比较级…(5)the+比较级+ofthetwo(6)the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词(7)beoneof/among+the+最高级+复数名词(8)thelast+原级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词五、比较等级的修饰语:(1)修饰原级:fairly,quite,rather,so,very,too等。(2)修饰比较级:much,even,far,rather,still,any,no(而不用very,quite,fairly,Greatly),abit,alittle,ahead,agreatdeal.alot,byfar等。六、如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such;注意:little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。七、almost与nearly的用法区别:在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly。Eg.I’mnotnearlyready.Ialmostneverseeher.八、特殊结构:1.AistoBwhat/asXisY;如:53.Nineistothree_____threeistoone.(2008)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2.A+V.+倍数或分数as+adj./adv.+as+B.A+V.+倍数或分数+名词ofB如:55.Anewlaptopcostsabout_____ofasecond-handone.(2009)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice64.Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes____thesizeofSt.Peter’sinRome.(2008)A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of3.major,minor,inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior+to表示比较;九、As的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级as的用法:1.原级比较一般结构as…as;notas…as;thesame…as;Eg:Theworkisnotasdifficultasyouthink.Lastyear,landvaluesinmostpartsofthepinelandsrosealmostasfastasthoseoutsidethepinelands.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as可引导非限制性从句,常带有‘正如’。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone‘shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。3.尽管,虽说(引起让步状语从句)Eg.Intelligentasshewas,shehadnotmuchinsight.尽管她很聪明,但她没眼力。4.Asmuchas达到(和)……(一样)的程度5.as(so)faras就……而论,据……(引导方式状语从句)6.Soasto为的是,以便7.Suchasto以致53.Hisremarkswere________annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.(2005)A.soastoB.suchastoC.suchtoD.asmuchasto8.as(so)longas只要(=onlyif引导条件状语从句)9.assoonas一…就(引导时间状语从句)10.aswell(as)也,以及,还;和;不仅(连接并列成分或从句)11.nosuch…as没有这样一个…60.Landbelongstothecity;thereisthingasprivateownershipofland.(2006)A)nosuchaB)notsuchC)notsuchaD)nosuch12.asmuchof…as正如…一样64.Itwaswehadhoped.(2006)A)moreasuccessthanB)asuccessmorethanC)asmuchofasuccessasD)asuccessasmuchas13.somuchas用在否定句中:与其说,不如说41.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.butIwasn’tbotheredbyhisloudnesshislackoftalent.(2004)A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asDthan55.Itisnotsomuchthelanguagetheculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.(2015,2011.57,2007.57,1999.45)A.butB.norC.likeD.as比较级的用法:1.morethan用法和意义较多,单独使用时其含义有:“不仅是,非常,十分”等。more…than其含义可以是:“与其说……不如说,不是……而是”2.nomorethanVS.notmorethana.Hehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)b.Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上带的钱不超过5美元。(客观陈述,数额少于5美元)3.nomore…thanVS.notmore…thana.Heisnomorediligentthanyou.他不勤奋,你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋,含有消极否定的意思)b.Heisnotmorediligentthanyou.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋,但你更勤奋,含有积极、肯定的意思,表示程度上的差异)62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably________athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.(2007)A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmore4.nolessthan=asmuchas意为:“竟有…之多,多达”,强调多notlessthan意为“不少于,至少”,客观地描述noless…than前后均为肯定,含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为:“正是...,和…一样,多达,竟有…之多”比较:a.Hissonhasreadnolessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。(强调多)b.Hissonhasreadnotlessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。(客观陈述,不强调多或少)5.hardlymorethan用来表示“仅仅”。Eg.Thelittlemanwashardlymorethanonemeterfiftyhigh.这个小个子男人仅有1.5米高.6.在more…than结构中,than有时可看作关系代词,相当于thanwhat…Eg.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheriskofgettingcancerthanexistsinthepublicmindtoday.(Than=thanwhat…)人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症61.Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan________.(2007)A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin7.nootherthan只有,正是。它常用来加强语气,多用于书面语。Eg.Themurdererturnedouttobenootherpersonthantheinspectorhimself.结果是,那个杀人犯不是别人,正是巡官自己。8.nobetterthan和……一样,实际上等于(practicallythesameas)Eg.Amanwhocannotreadandwriteisnobetterthantheblind.不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。9.Nosoonerthan:60.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.(2009)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than10.most大多数的意思;mostof某个范围中的大多数。11.better…than与其说……倒不如说。Eg.Certainprogramsworkbetterforsomethanforothers.某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然。12.morelikely…than比较结构Eg.Therearefewelectronicapplicationsmorelikelytoraisefearsregardingfuture很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。13.otherthan意思是:不同于,除……之外;ratherthan意思是:而不是。隐含比较级:inferior,superior,senior,junior,prior+to1)priorto较早的,较重要的Thetaskispriortoallothers.这项任务
本文标题:英语专四之比较结构
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