金融英语基础

金融英语基础金融英语基础辅导-股票StockOwnershipofacorporationrepresentedbysharesusuallyintheformofcertificates.股票股份公司股份的所有权证明，通常为证书形式。Dividend,StockMoneypaidonapersharebasistoshareholdersfromacompany.红利公司按每股分配给股东的利润。Stock,CommonAclassofstockwhichgivesitsholdertherighttovoteatshareholdermeetingsbutdoesnotguaranteepaymentofdividends.普通股赋予股东在股东会议上的表决权，但不保证支付红利的股票。Stock,PreferredPaysafixeddividendandhaspriorityovercommonstockregardingclaimstoassetsofacorporationinaliquidationorbankruptcy.优先股能够取得固定红利，并在公司破产或被清算时对剩余资产较普通股而言享有优先分配权的股票。Stock,CumulativePreferredPreferredstockwhosedividends,ifnotpaidforanyreason,willaccumulateuntiltheyarepaid.累积优先股如果没有支付红利，那么红利将累计到下次分配时补足的优先股。Stock,Non-cumulativePreferredPreferredstockwhosedividendsdonotaccrueuntilpaid.Ifadividendismissedforanyreason,itwillneverbepaid.非累积优先股如果公司没有分配红利，那么这些红利不会累积到下一次。VotingRightsTherightofcommonshareholderstovotefortheelectionofofficersofacorporationaswellasonotherissuesregardingitsoperations.表决权普通股股东就公司管理人员选举和其它事项表决的权利。SignatureGuaranteeSealAraisedsealaffixedtothebackofacertificateofstocktoverifyanendorsementsignaturewhentransferringownershipofshares.签名担保印章转让股份时盖在股票证书背面，用以证明背书签名的凹凸印章。金融英语基础辅导-图表ChartAgraphicillustrationofhistoricaltradingactivity.图表历史交易情况的图形化显示。BarChartAchartonwhicheachperiod’stradingisrepresentedbyaverticalbarshowingopening,high,low,andclosingprices.K线图每一时期的交易由一个垂直的柱形表示，显示开盘价、最高价、最低价和收盘价。LineChartAchartonwhichonlytheclosingpriceforeachperiodistracked.连线图只记录每一时期收盘价的图表。PointandFigureChartAchartwhichrecordspricechangesincolumnsusingx’sforupwardmovesando’sfordownwardmovesinagivenperiod.点数图以柱状记录某一时期内价格变化的图表，用X表示上升变化，O表示下降变化。CandlesticksChartJapaneseversionofabarchartusingamoregraphicdesign.Theinformationispresentedtoresembleaseriesofcandleswithwicks.烛状图更形象化的日本式K线图。显示的信息如同一串带着烛芯的蜡烛。HeadandShouldersPatternChartChartpatternresemblingtheheadandshouldersofaperson.Signalsthereversalofatrend.头肩图形类似人的头和肩的图形，显示趋势的改变。DoubleTopChartChartpatternshowingarisingprice,thenadrop,thenanotherrise.Indicatesaresistancelevel.重顶图上升下降然后又上升的图形，显示阻力线。TrendlineStraightlinesdrawnonacharttodeterminethestrengthanddirectionofatrendoritsreversal.趋势线图表上画的直线，确定趋势的力量和方向及其逆转。金融英语基础辅导-技术分析TechnicalAnalysisThestudyofmarketsandsecuritiesbasedonhistoricprice.技术分析根据证券的历史价值研究市场。MovingAveragePriceaveragethat,foraspecificperiod(e.g.,30days),picksupthepriceforthelatestdayanddropsthepricefortheearliestday.移动平均数一种价格综合指数，在一定期间(比如30天)选用最近一天的价格，排除最早一天的价格。SupportLevelThelevelatwhichastockpricestopsfallingduetomarketdemand.支撑线股价由于市场需求停止跌落的一条线。ResistanceLevelThelevelbeyondwhichastockpricecannotriseduetosellingpressureinthemarket.阻力线股价由于市场抛售压力停止上涨的一条线。VolumeTotalnumberofsharesofasecuritytradedinacertainperiod.成交量一定时期证券交易的总成交额。BreakoutWhenastockrisesaboveitsresistancelevelandcontinuestoriseatarapidpace.突破股价突破阻力线继续快速上涨。TopOutTheendofaperiodofincreaseinastockpriceormarketlevelwhichsignalsitwillbegintofall.上升乏力上涨期间的尾部，显示它将开始回落。ChartPatternGraphicillustrationofpriceperformanceusinghistoricdatathatisusedtopredictthenextpricemove.技术图形通过使用历史数据预测下一次股价波动的图示。金融英语基础辅导-证券交易所StockExchangeAnorganizedmarketinwhichvarioustypesofsecuritiesaretradedbymembersoftheexchange.证券交易所各种证券在交易成员间交易的有序市场。StockExchange,NewYorkEstablishedin1792,thelargestphysicalstockexchangeintheworld.纽约证券交易所成立于1792年。世界上最大的证券交易所。NASDAQTheNationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomaticQuotationsystem.Itisthelargestcomputerizedstockexchangeintheworld.纳斯达克全美证券交易商协会自动报价系统。世界上最大的计算机化交易系统。OTCMarket(OvertheCounter)Whensecuritiesareboughtandsoldonanexchangeotherthanaregisteredstockexchange,theytradeoverthecounter.OTC市场(场外市场)当证券在认证证券交易所以外的其它地方交易时，它们被认为是在场外交易。AuctionSystemAnexchangesysteminwhichbidsandoffersarecontinuouslypostedontheexchangeduringthetradingdaybyitsmembers.拍卖系统在交易日中，买入和卖出信息不间断地由成员刊登在交易所内的交换系统。NegotiatedMarketAnexchangesysteminwhichprincipalsanddealersnegotiatewitheachotherforthebestprice.议价市场委托人和交易商互相谈判取得最佳价格的交易系统。SpecialistAmemberofaregisteredstockexchangewhosejobitistomaintainafairandorderlymarket.专业交易员登记证券交易所的工作人员，其工作是维持公平和有序的市场。MarketMakerAdealerwhosejobitistomaintainafairandorderlymarketontheNASDAQandOTCmarkets.市场创造者在NASDAQ和OTC市场上维持公平有序市场的交易商。金融英语基础辅导-股票指数和平均指数StockIndicesandAverages股票指数和平均指数IndexAcollectionofstatisticsthatmeasures,fromabase,changesinaneconomyormarket.指数一系列按照某个基数记录经济或市场变化的统计数据。AverageAtypeofindexreflectingtheweightedperformanceofasmallnumberofcomponents.平均指数反映一小批成分加权表现的一类指数。BasePeriodAstandardvalue,usuallysetattheestablishmentofanindex,fromwhichitscurrentleveliscalculated.基准期标准值，通常在指数建立时确定，以当时的状况计算。StandardandPoor’sAnAmericancorporationwhichpublishesawiderangeofmarketinformationincludingratings,indexes,andlistings.标准普尔指数公布各种排名、指数和列表等市场信息的一家美国公司。S&P500Ameasureoftheperformanceof500widely-heldcommonstocks.标准普尔500指数记录500种普遍持有的常见股票的指数。Weighted(AverageorIndex)Anaverageorindexinwhichtheperformanceofmoreheavilycapitalizedcomponentshaveagreaterinfluence.加权(平均指数或指数)资本化更大的成分具有更大影响力的综合指数或指数。RelativeStrengthStrengthorweaknessofaparticularstockwhenmeasuredagainstabroaderindexormarket.相对强度当对照更广泛指数或市场时某一股票的的力量或缺陷。SPXBasicoptionsymbolforS&P50