(译稿)新农村建设生态型住宅可再生能源利用技术

TheTechnologyofApplyingRenewableEnergyintheNewCountrysideEcotypeHousesAbstract:Duetolackofscientificdesignandappropriatetechnologyguidance,countrysidehousesinourcountryareuniversallyinpoorthermalenvironment,lagbehindinenergyproductionandapplication,andobviousonenergywaste,whiletheenergyconsumptiononcountrysidehousesisincreasing.Weshouldononehandadvocateenergysaving,andontheotherhandsearchforrenewableenergylikesolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergyandbiologicenergy.Thisarticlegivesanalysisonapplyingsolarenergyandbiogasenergytechnologiesandputsforwardsomeeconomicalandappropriatetechnologicalmeasuresaboutrenewableenergyapplicationastechnologysupportandtheoryguidanceforconstructingnewcountrysideecotypehouses.Keywords:Newcountrysideconstruction;ecotypehouses;solarenergy;biogasenergy1IntroductionAsthecontinuousdevelopmentofcountrysideeconomy,ithasbeencountrypeople’surgentnecessarytoimprovehousesfunctionsandlivingenvironment,andconstructingeconomicalandbeautifulgreenenergy-savinghouses.Thefactisduetolackingofscientificdesignandappropriatetechnologyguidance,thecountrysidehousesinourcountryhavebeeninirregularanddisorderstateforalongtime,andthemost-seenisthetraditionalextensivemodel.Inrecentlyyear,there’sanobvioustrendofincreasingenergyconsumptioninnewcountrysidehousesconstruction.Ithasbecomeanunavoidablestrategictopicfornewcountrysideconstructiontoconstructasafe,healthyandcomfortablecountrysidehousesenvironmentwhilenoobviousenergyconsumptionnoted.TsinghuaUniversityConstructionEnergySavingResearchCenterusedtolaunchabigandcomprehensiveinvestigationandresearchoncountrysideconstruction,energyandenvironment.Theresultshowsthatthecountrysidepeople’sincomeisincreasingcontinuouslyandthey’reabletopurchasecertaincommercialenergyononehand,whileontheotherhandtheenergyconsumptionofcountrysidehousesisincreasingconstantly.Asthefasterdevelopmentofcountrysideeconomy,ecotypenewcountrysideconstructionhascaughtmorepeople’sattention.Energyhasbeenimportantmaterialbasisforhumanexistenceanddevelopment.Todealwiththepossibleenergyandresourceshortageproblem,weshouldactivelyadvocateenergysavingandsearchforrenewableenergieslikesolarenergy,geothermalenergy,windenergyandbiologicenergy.Thisarticlegivesanalysisonapplyingsolarenergyandbiogasenergytechnologiesandputsforwardsomeeconomicalandappropriatetechnologicalmeasuresaboutrenewableenergyapplicationastechnologysupportandtheoryguidanceforconstructingnewcountrysideecotypehouses.2SolarenergyapplicationtechnologySolarenergyisakindofinexhaustiblerenewableenergy,substantialandrenewable.Mostpartsofourcountryarerichinsolarenergy,andithasgoodexploitationconditionsandgreatutilityvalue.Theapplicationofsolarenergyonconstructionincludespaceheating,loweringtemperature,waterheatingandsoon,whichcanbedividedtotwocategoriesofactiveandpassive.Activesolarhousesareforcecirculationsolarenergycollectionsystemsthatconsistofsolarheatcollector,radiator,pipeline,blowerorpump,andheatstorageequipments.Theactivesolarhousesrequirehighinvestment,complicatedtechnologies,frequentmaintenanceandcertainregularenergyconsumption.However,passivesolarhousesdon’tneedoronlyalittlemotivepower,equipment,orequipmentmaintenance.Thepassivesolarhousestakeuseofthesolarenergyforspaceheatingandenergysaving.Theyhavegoodeconomic,socialandenvironmentalbenefits.Asaresult,it’smoreappropriatetousepassivesolarhousesforcountrysidehouses.2.1ThestructuredesignofsolarhousesTomakeuseofsolarenergyfromflatdesignangle,wecanapplyamodelofextrasunlightroomsorsunlightcorridorsinthecountrysidehouses.Thesunlightroomsaresouth-oriented,andwecanusesouth-orientedcorridors,sealed-upcorridors,vestibule,etc.Thesouthsideshouldbetransparentglasswalls,theroofbestrength-enough(forhumansafety)slopeglasstomaximizetheheatstoragecapacity.Theextrasunlightroomshouldbeflooredwithhighcoefficientofthermalstoragematerialslikecobbles,tocollectmoreheat.Meanwhiledouble-layerglassshouldbeappliedtominimizetheheatlossatnights,rollerblindsalsoapplicable.Atthesametime,thereshouldbea1m2airoutletforevery20～30m2glasswallofthesunlightroomtoguaranteegoodventilationandpreventtheroomfromgettingtoohotinsummer.2.2Analysisonsunlightrooms’energyefficiencybenefitsGraph1isonecountrysidehousewithextrasunlightroom.OnDecember2010,wetestedthetemperaturesofthesunlightroom,ordinaryroom(livingroom),andoutdoor.ThetestingtimeisDecember21-25,2010.Duringthetesting,theheatingisoff.ThetestequipmenttypeisJT-IItemperatureandheatflowinspectioninstrumentandthermocouple.Theresultshowsasfollow:graph1countrysidehousewithextrasunlightroom-30-25-20-15-10-50510158:0014:0020:002:008:0014:0020:002:008:0014:0020:002:008:0014:0020:002:008:0014:0020:002:00时间温度（℃）太阳房室温普通房室温室外气温FierypitbedroomLivingroomkitchenFoodstorageroombedroomSunlightroomCentralroomtimeSunlightroomtemperatureOrdinaryroomtemperatureOutdoortemperaturegraph2thecomparisonoftemperaturesofsunlightroom,ordinaryroomandoutdoorTheresultshowsthattheaveragetemperatureofthesunlightroomis13.5℃higherthanthatoftheoutdoortemperature,andthehighesttemperaturedifferencereachesashighas18.