大连海事博士英语期末考试复习资料

Definition一、填空1.Literature:asetofworks,subjects,printedmaterial,givinginformation.2.Standard:theresultsofformalprocesses,asetofdetailedtechnicalguidelines,themethodswidelyusedinpractice.3.Patent:anofficialrecordofspecificrightsawardedtoanindividualorgrouptopreventothersfromcopyingadesignforgoodsormannerofprocedureoracreativeideainventedbythatindividualorgroupforaspecifiedtime.4.Trademark:isawordorwords,aname,adesign,apicture,asound,oranyothersymbolthatdistinguishestheproductsofonecompanyfromthoseofothers.5.Copyright:isthebodyoflegalrightsthatprotectcreativeworksfrombeingreproduced,performed,displayed,ordisseminatedbyotherswithoutpermission.6.Contract:Anagreementbetweentwoormorepartiesthatisenforceablebylaw,alegallyenforceableandlegallybindingagreement.7:Atenderdocumentisawrittenstatementofthepriceatwhichoneofferstosupplygoodsorservices,ortodosomething.8.Aproposalisawrittenoffertosolveatechnicalprobleminaparticularway,underaspecifiedplanofmanagement,orforaspecifiedcompensation.9.Areportisaformofcommunicationinwhichthewritergivesinformationtosomepersonororganizationbecauseitishis/herresponsibilitytodoso.10.Aprofessionalpaperisatypewrittenpaperinwhichprofessionalspresenttheirviewsandresearchfindingsonachosentopic.Itisvariouslyknownasthe“researchpaper,”“coursepaper,”“thesispaper”or“librarypaper”.11.Conferencedocumentsareprintedmaterialsdistributedbeforeoratorafteraconference,concerningtheannouncements,arrangements,andotherinformationoftheconference,usuallymadebythesponsoringorganizationortheorganizingcommitteeoftheconference.12.Areview,asopposedtoasurvey,shouldbeacriticalandliterallydocumentedassessmentofaworkonaspecificsubjectorinaparticularfield.13.Index:asystematicallyarrangedlistgivingenoughinformationabouteachitemtoenableittobeidentifiedandtraced14:Bibliography:thewritingorcopyingofbooks.orscientificrecordofbooks,directoriestoaselectionofprintedmaterials,films,recordings,andmapscompiledforadefinitepurpose二.TorF1.Theso-calledspecialdocumentationreferstoalltheprintedmaterialsthatarenon-booksornon-periodicals.2.atitleiscomposedofnomorethantwentywords3.Standardsappliedtoindustrialproducts.4.Infact,standardsaresoimportantthattheyareusuallydescribedas“intangibleassets”.5.Patentshavealimitedtime.6.Patentsmaybetransferredfromonepartytoanother;7.Asarulethemerits,values,andanydeductiveapplicationsarenotallowedintheabstract.InthesectionofClaims,theauthor’snameshouldnotappear,andthereshouldbenoabbreviationsofitemnames,noranyambiguousexpressionssuchas“considerablylight,”8.Astrongtrademarkconsistsofawordthathasnorecognizablemeaning,suchasKodak.9.Weaktrademarksconsistofacommonword,suchasPremierorWet'nWash.10.Atrademarkrepresentsthemanufacturer'sreputation,calledgoodwill.10.Atrademarkcanbesoldorassigned11.Theownerofcopyrighthastheexclusiverighttoreproduceaprotectedwork;prepareotherworksbasedontheprotectedwork;sell,rent,orlendcopiesoftheprotectedworktothepublic;performprotectedworksinpublic;anddisplaycopyrightedworkspublicly.12.makingcopiesofbooktosellorgiveawayisillegal13.Thisprotectionisavailabletobothpublishedandunpublishedworks.14.Essentiallyacopyrightprotectsanintellectualorartisticproperty.Noteverythingofanartisticorintellectualnaturecanbecopyrighted.Ideas,names,andtitlesareexcepted15.Copyrightlawforbidsunauthorizedduplicationordistributionofcomputerprograms.16.Ownersofacopyrightmaytransfertheircopyrighttosomeoneelsethroughawrittencontract17.Unintentionalinfringementisalsoillegalbutmaybetreatedlessharshlybythecourtthanintentionalinfringement.Willfullyviolatingacopyrightisacriminaloffense.18.Forexample,teachersmaymakealimitednumberofcopiesofacopyrightedworkforclassroomuse.Archivesandlibrariesmaymakeonecopyofacopyrightedwork.19.见简答第六项20.thetenderauthoritywillsendacompletesetofinquirydocuments（全套招标文件）,knownalsoas“tenderdocuments”or“bidpackage”,tothefirmonshortlist.21.tenderdocumentsarefree:specifications,drawings,andtermsandconditions22.Considerablepreparatoryworkonthepartofbiddersisinvolvedandasthetimeallowedforthesubmissionoftendersisfrequentlyshort,23.Inquirydocumentsusuallyincludetheletterofinvitationtotender,instructionstotenderers,conditionsofcontract,specification,theformoftendersappendices.24.Ainformalsuggestionoffersanideaandbrieflydiscussesitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.25.Asemiformalproposalpresentsideasforresolvingaproblemorimprovingasituation,evaluatesthemagainstcertaincriteria,andoftenrecommendswhatactionshouldbetaken.26.Aformalproposaldescribesanorganization’splansforcarryingoutalargeprojectforamajorclient,27.200wordsareasensiblemaximumforarelativelylongpaperorreport,butnevermorethan500words;50–100wordsmaysufficeforashortarticle.Thelengthofanabstractvariesdependingonthelengthofthepaperandtheplacewhereitappears.Asageneralrule,anabstractwillbeapproximately3–5%ofthelengthofthepaper,butisseldommorethan2/3dsofapage.28.Thisdescriptiveabstracthasseveraldesirablequalities:itisshortandself-contained;itprovideskeyinformationelements;anditservesasaminiaturetableofcontents.29.Aninformationalorinformativeabstracthighli