口腔医务英语

口腔医务英语65句（专业版）儿童龋病（PaediatricCariology)1Youngchildwithcariousupperincisorsandanabscessontooth61.上切牙龋坏，伴61牙槽脓肿的患儿。2Primaryteethactasanaturalspacemaintainerforpermanentteeth乳牙就像一个天然间隙保持器，为恒牙的萌出保持间隙。3Dentalcareisneededassoonasfirstteetherupt.第一颗牙齿一萌出就有必要进行口腔保健。4Zonesofthecariesindentinecanbethoughtoffromahistologicalandbiologicalviewpoint.Zone1---SclerosisZone2---emineralisationZone3---BacterialinvasionZone4---Destruction从组织学和生物学的角度观察牙本质龋的分层结构。第一层--硬化层第二层--脱矿层第三层--细菌侵入层第四层--坏死崩解层5Visualinspectionisthefoundationofcariesdiagnosis.视诊是诊断龋齿的基础。6Probesdonotimprovethevalidityofocclusalcariesdiagnosis.探针并不能提高颌面龋坏诊断的准确性。7Fluoridegivesgreatestprotectiontosmoothsurfaces.氟化物对光滑面的保护作用最强。8Flossfluoridevarnishthougghtheinter-proximalcontactswithcare.小心地用牙线将氟保护漆涂布在邻面接触区。9Fissuresealantsareakeycomponentofthepreventiontoolkitinhighcariesriskchildren.在龋齿高危儿童，窝沟封闭是预防保健系列方法中关键的一项。10Thechemo-mechanicalremovalofcaries:Theycontaintwogels,whicharemixedtogethertoprovidetheactiveagentthatseparatescariousfromsounddentine.化学-机械去腐：它含有两种凝胶，混合后产生活性物质，可将腐质从健康的牙本质上分离。口腔局部麻醉（DentalLocalAnaesthesia)1Anaesthesiaisdefinedasalossofsensationinacircumscribedareaofthebodybyadepressionofexcitationinnerveendingsoraninhibitionoftheconductionprocessinperipheralnerves.麻醉就是通过降低神经末梢的兴奋性或者抑制外周神经的冲动传导过程，从而使身体一定区域的感觉丧失。2Thebranchesofthemaxillary/mandibulardivisionofthetrigeminalnervethatareimportantindentallocalanaesthesia.三叉神经的上颌支/下颌支在口腔局部麻醉中具有重要作用。3Dentalinjectionsystemscompriseofthreebasiccomponents:needles,cartridges,syringes.口腔科注射装置包括三个基本组成部分：针头，安瓶，注射器。4Infiltrationanaesthesiaisachievedwhensolutionisdepositedsupraperiosteallyatthebuccalsideofthealveolus.麻醉药物在颊侧牙槽骨的骨膜上沉积后产生浸润麻醉。5Theintraligamentaryinjectioncanbegivenviatheinterdentalpapilla.Thisreducesthebacteraemiaproducedbythistypeofinjectionwhencomparedtotheapproachviathegingivalsulcus.可以通过牙龈乳头注射进行牙周膜麻醉，这比龈沟注射发生菌血症的危险小。6Anillustrationofhoweasyitistooverdoseifadirectintravascularinjectionisadministeredinachild.在儿童体内，直接将麻醉药物注入血管内极易导致药物过量。7Faintingmayoccurbefore,duringorafterlocalanaestheticadministration.Thepatientdevelopspallor,maysweatandcomplainofnausea.Theymayexperiencetinglingintheextremitiesandultimatelyloseconsciousness.晕厥可发生于局部麻醉用药前，用药过程中以及用药之后。患者可出现面色苍白，出汗，恶心，四肢麻木，甚至意识丧失。8Bleedingmayoccuratthesiteofmucosalpenetrationwhentheneedleisremoved.注射器取出时可能会在黏膜穿刺部位发生出血。9Thereisnoevidencethattopicalanaestheticsproduceanyreliefofdiscomfortpriortodeepregionalblockinjections.没有证据显示进行深部阻滞麻醉前使用表面麻醉可以减轻穿刺的不适。10Dentistscaninfluenceanumberoffactorsgoverninginjectiondiscomfort.Carefulchoiceofequipmentandtechniquecanreduceinjectiondiscomfort.口腔医生能够控制很多与注射疼痛有关的因素。仔细选择麻醉器械和技术能够缓解注射疼痛。根管治疗学（Rationalrootcanaltreatment)1Endodonticsisthebranchofclinicaldentistryconcernedwiththeprevention,diagnosisandtreatmentofdiseasesofthedentalpulpandtheirsequela.牙髓病学是临床口腔医学的分支学科，涉及到牙髓病及其并发症的预防，诊断和治疗2Earlyrootcanaltreatmentofatoothwithadyingpulprelievespainandpreventsapicalperiodontitisfromdeveloping.早期进行根管治疗的死髓牙可以减轻疼痛并防止根尖周炎的扩散。3Frankexposureofthepulp,orviaporousdentineleavesitvulnerabletochemical,physicalandaboveall,micro-bialinjury.直接暴露或通过牙本质小管间接暴露的牙髓，易受到化学，物理因素的刺激，特别是细菌的损害。4Manypatientsrequiringrootcanaltreatmentfirstpresentwithsymptomsofpulporperiapicalinflammationrequiringdiagnosisandimmediatemanagement.很多需做根管治疗的患者在初诊时首先表现为牙髓炎或根尖周炎的症状，因此需要作出明确的诊断和应急处理。5Unlikeaninflamedfinger,thelocationandconditionofasymptomaticpulpcannotbediagnosedbydirectvisualinspection.和手指上的炎症不同，牙髓炎的患牙定位和病变情况不能通过直接的失真而获得。6Teethwithenamel-dentinecracksandsymptomaticpulpitisareoftenparticularlychallengingtodiagnose.隐裂牙出现的牙髓炎通常是难于诊断的。7Acuteexacerbationofalong-standing,silentlesionpresentonarepeatedlyrestoredandcrownedtooth.在多次修复病史的患牙，长期慢性病变急性发作。8Patientsshouldnotbemadepromisesbeforeteethhavebeenproperlyexploredandfactsareknown.Oftenthatismorethanjustathoroughclinicalandradiographicexamination.在没有进行全面的临床检查和放射线检查之前，如果不了解牙齿的真实状况，不要给患者任何承诺。9Thedangersofwedgingforcesinaweakenedposteriortooth.楔形力量可使脆弱的后牙发生折裂。10Howeveritissecured,thecriticalissueisthatthedamseals.Ifthereisanysignoffluidentry,orevenifthereisnot,aproprietaryrubberdamcaulkingpaste.尽管非常安全，橡皮障最大的问题仍是它的密闭性。无论有无液体进入的迹象，都应将橡皮障封闭剂用于牙齿的周围。11Fullyunroofthechambertocleaninfectedanddecomposingtissuefromallofitspulphornsandramifications.完全揭开髓室顶，去除髓角和根管分支内所有感染和坏死分解的牙髓组织。12Hang-upofafilegivingtheillusionofapicalobstruction.Openingthecanalcoronallyallowsthefiletodropdeeper.锉卡住易误认为是根尖阻塞。根管冠方的敞开可使锉进入更深。13Watch-windingwalksasmallfileintothecanal.Iftheinstrumentfeelstight,gentlypulltoremovedentine,,freetheinstrumentandallowtheentryofmorelubricant.使用小号锉采用“捻”的方法进入根管。假如感觉器械很紧，应将其轻轻退出，并使用润滑剂润滑根管。14Smallfilesmoothlycurvedinitsapical2-3mmtonegotiateanapicalcurve.Directionalrubberstopscanbehelpful.将小号锉尖端的2-3mm进行预弯来适应根尖的弯曲。橡皮定向片有助于定向。15Mosttechniquenowopenthecoronalthirdofthecanalbeforeworkingdeeper,andmanyprepareentirelyfromcrowntoapex.现在大多数的技术都是在深入预备前先预备根管的冠三分之一，许多方法则完全是从冠方至根尖预备。16Customisingguttaperchaconetipdiameterwithagaugeandscalpel.用锥度测量尺和锐利的手术刀使主牙胶尖尖端的直径达到标准化。17Coldlateralcondensation:Slidingthemasterconehomelightlycoatedwit