基于地理信息系统的公路地质灾害信息管理与决策支持系统pdf

2008,Vol.13No.2,207-211ArticleID1007-1202(2008)02-0207-05DOI10.1007/s11859-008-0215-0GIS-BasedHighwayGeologicalHazardInformationManagementandDecisionSupportSystemWANGWeidong1,WANGGuoshun2,DUXianggang1,XIECuiming11.SchoolofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410075,Hunan,China;2.SchoolofBusiness,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,Hunan,ChinaAbstract:BasedonthepracticalapplicationofGeologyInforma-tionSystem(GIS)throughouttheworld,combinedwiththecharac-tersofroad’sgeologicalhazardandit’ssupervision,thepaperin-troducesontheimportanceoftheresearchonroad’sgeologicalhazardsinformationmanagementanddecision-makingsupportsys-tem.Thepaperalsoanalyzesthesystem’starget,theprinciplesandkeytechniquesindevelopingthesystem.Intheresearch,wedevel-opedtheGIS-basedroad’sgeologicalhazardinformationmanage-mentanddecision-makingsupportsystemandappliedittoonespeedwayinthewestofChinawherecontainstypicalgeologicalhazards.Thesystembasedonthedatabaseofroad’sgeologicalhaz-ardonthegroundsofspatialgraphicinformationandattributein-formation.Byvirtueofthescientificassessmentandpredictionmathematicalmodel,integratingtheGIS’sstrongpointonspatialanalyzing,thesystemiscapableofvisualizingtheregionalizationofroadaccordingtothegeologicalhazardsitcontains,andaccuratelyassessingandpredictinggeologicalhazards,thusefficientlyassiststheroadconstructionandmanagementunitsinthedecisionmakingoncontrollingthegeologicalhazardsandreducingtherelatedloss.Keywords:highway;geologicalhazards;GeologicalInforma-tionSystem(GIS)CLCnumber:U416.1;X43Receiveddate:2007-06-10Foundationitem:SupportedbytheFoundationofProjectofDevelopmentofTransportationinWesternofMinistryofCommunicationofChina(200331880201)Biography:WANGWeidong(1971-),male,Associateprofessor,Ph.D.candi-date,researchdirection:roadandrailwayengineering,managementscienceandengineering.E-mail:[e-mail]0IntroductionAsamountainousarea,thegeologicalstructureinChinesewestregionisverycomplexandgeologicalhazard,suchaslandslide,debrisflow,collapseandsub-sidence,occurredfrequentlyeveryyearinthatarea,se-riousthreateninglivesandpropertiesofthepeopleandimpedingeconomicdevelopment.GeographicInforma-tionSystem(GIS)isadevelopingtechnologyofgather-ing,storing,queryingandsyntheticanalyzingspatialinformation,whichcancombinegraphicswithmanytypesofdatabase.GIScanalsoexhibitaccurateandrealspatialinformationwithchartsandtextsaccordingtoactualneed,andcanintegrategeographiclocationsandcorrelateddataattributesasanorganicwhole[1].Itismeaningfulworkforcontrol,forecastandalleviationofdisastertostudyroad’sgeologicalhazardsinformationmanagementandtodevelopdecisionmakingsupportsystembaseonGIS.GIShasappliedinthefieldofenvironmentalpro-tectionofhighwayandrailroad,geologicalhazardas-sessmentandforecast,urbanplanning,transportationandsoonindomesticatpresent.Wesummarizedasfollows:Inthedomainofurbanplanning,theGISsystemwereusedingathering,storing,generalizedanalysisandvisualqueryinginformationaboutthepublicfacility,suchascitypipeline,thepathandsoon,bygovernmentandthepublic.Inthetransportation,theGISsystemwasappliedintheenvironmentalqualitycomprehensiveevaluationofhighwayandrailroad[2,3],aswellasinfacilityand208WANGWeidongetal:GIS-BasedHighwayGeologicalHazardInformationequipmentinformationmanagementoftransporta-tion[4-6].Inthefieldofmineralenterprises,departmentofwaterresourcesandmunicipality,GISsystemsweretheusedtoriskevaluateandpredictofgeologicalhazard,suchascollapse,landslides,subsidence,debrisflowandsoon[7-10].WereferenceddocumentsabovementionedstatethatGIShasgraduallydevelopedfromthebeginningstagesofthestudytobeappliedpracticallyinthede-partmentoftransportation,waterresources,mineworks.Thetechnologyofgeologicalhazardpredictingandforecastinghasbecomemorematureandhascreatedanenormoussocialandeconomicbenefits.However,weshouldalsorealizethatGISsystembeappliedinthefieldofhighwayandrailwayjustinsomeextentinChinaatpresent.Itismainlyconcentratedintheaspectofen-vironmentalevaluate,urbanplanningandhighwayandrailway’sfacilitiesandequipmentstaticinformationmanagement[11-15].1HighwayGeologicalHazardInformationManagementandDecisionSupportSystemBasedonGIS1.1PrincipleUnificationandstandardization:Systemdesignshouldunifyandstandardizetheinformationcoding,coordinatesystemanddataaccuracy.Inthelightofthisprinciple,thesystemestablishedastandarddatabasein-cludingallkindsofattributesdataandgraphicsimagedataofgeologicalhazards.Malleabilityandopen:Thesystemdesignshouldtakeintoaccounttheexpansionofthesystem,andcom-patibilitywithothersystems.Furthermore,followedthedevelopmentsofnetworktechnologyandtheriseofWebGIS,theinformationsystemrealizedremoteinfor-mationtransmissionthoughnetwork.1.2KeyTechnologyMulti-sourcedatamanagementThehighwaygeologicalhazardsdatainvolvealotofinformation,gatheredfromawidevarietyofsources,canbedescribedasmulti-sourcedata.Ingeneral,datasourcesofgeologicalhazardsincludeinthefollowingaspects:topographicmap,aerialphotos,remotesensing,geologicalmapsandothergraphicsorphotographs,geologicaldisastermonitoringdata,thev