医学英语常用词汇

-1-医学英语常用词汇aminoacid氨基酸adrenergicreceptor肾上腺素(能)受体abdominalreflex腹壁反射abdominalregions腹部分区abdominalpressure腹压abdominalpulse腹主动脉搏动abortion流产，坠胎Abrams’heartreflex艾布拉姆斯氏心反射，又称利维拉托（Livierato)反射。刺激心前区皮肤引起心肌收缩，伴心浊音界缩小。透视可见到心界缩小。absolutetemperature绝对温度absorption吸收acarid螨accessoryplacenta副胎盘accommodationofeye眼调节acinarcarcinoma腺泡癌acneconglobata聚会性痤疮[亦作conglobateacne]acrodermatitischronicaatrophicans慢性萎缩性肢(端)皮炎activetransport主动转运acupuncture针灸，针刺疗法acutehemorrhagicpancreatitis急性出血性胰腺炎adaptation适应adaptiveenzyme适应酶(inducibleenzyme，inducedenzyme诱导酶)adductor内收肌adenosarcoma腺肉瘤adnexitis(子宫)附件炎（=annexitis）adrenalcortex肾上腺皮质adrenogenitalsyndrome肾上腺性征异常征，肾上腺综合征，肾上腺生殖系综合征，伊森科-柯兴综合征aerosol气雾剂，喷雾剂afferentloopsyndrome输入袢综合征agonist激动剂，兴奋剂AIDS艾滋病（AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome获得性免疫缺乏综合症）albinism白化病，白化症allantois[胚]尿囊，尿膜allele等位基因allergy过敏(症)，变态反应alopeciaareata斑秃，斑形脱发，局限性脱发2alveolarductemphysema肺泡管性气肿alveolarventilation肺泡通气，alveolarventilation-perfusionimbalance肺泡通气与血流比例失调Alzheimer’sdisease阿尔茨海默病，老年痴呆症，阿兹海默症amauroticcat’seye黑蒙性猫眼amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术ampullaryaneurysm壶腹状动脉瘤,囊状动脉瘤anaphase(细胞分裂)后期anastomosis吻合(术)anesthesia麻醉(anaesthesia)aneurysm动脉瘤（aneurism）anginapectoris心绞痛angiogram血管造影片angiosarcoma血管肉瘤Angle’sclassificationofmalocclusion安格氏矫正分类法（malocclusion错位咬合，咬合不正）anneal退火(核酸经退火后能与互补的核酸结合)anomalousuterus异常子宫anoxia缺氧(症)anteflexion(尤指子宫)前屈antegradeurography顺行尿路造影(术)anthracosilicosis煤矽肺，炭末石末沉着病[亦作anthrasilicosis]antibiotic抗生素antidepressant抗抑郁剂(药)antigen抗原antioncogene抗癌基因aorticstenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aperturediaphragm光圈apexofheart心尖(部位)Apgarscore阿普加(新生儿)评分appendix阑尾arborvirus虫媒病毒[蚊虫等节肢动物传染的病毒(脑炎、黄热病、登革热的病原体)]archesofthefoot足弓arcusaortae主动脉弓areola乳(房)晕,色晕arterialarchofcolon结肠动脉弓arteriography动脉造影术，动脉X线摄影，动脉搏描记法arteriovenousoxygendifference动静脉氧差arthroplasty关节成形术，关节造形术arthrosis关节，关节病artificialpacemaker人工(心脏)起搏器Ascarislumbricoides蛔虫3ascendingcervicalartery升颌动脉aspergilloma曲霉菌球Aspergillusfumigatus烟曲霉(菌)assistedreproductivetechnologyART，辅助生殖技术，人工生殖技术astigmatism散光(亦作astigmia)；像散性，像散现象astrocyte（脑和脊髓的)星形胶质细胞，星形细胞atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化；动脉硬化[复数atheroscleroses]atrialseptaldefect(心)房中隔缺损atrialflutter心房扑动atrialfibrillation心房纤颤，房颤，心房纤维性颤动atrioventricularvalve房室瓣atrophicgastritis萎缩性胃炎audiogram听力图，听力敏度图，听阈曲线auditorypathway听觉传导通路auscultation听诊(法)autoantibody自身抗体autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统，植物性神经系统autoplasticgraft(=autograft)自体移植物，自体组织移接，自体嫁接axonreflex轴突反射azotemia氮质血症baby婴儿backgroundradiation本底辐射，背景辐射bacteriophage噬菌体bacterium细菌，杆菌属[复数bacteria]Baker’scyst贝克氏囊肿(膝部囊肿，腘窝囊肿)barbiturate巴比妥类药物(用作中枢神经系统抑制或安眠的药)，巴比妥酸盐Barrett’ssyndromeBarrett'ssyndromeisaconditioninwhichtheesophagus,themusculartubethatcarriesfoodandsalivafromthemouthtothestomach,formsnewtypesofcellsonitssurfacethataresimilartothosenormallyfoundintheintestine.basepair碱基对basilarlamina基底，颅底，头盖骨底部basilarvertebra基椎，末腰椎basophilia嗜碱性，嗜碱细胞增多bilaminarblastoderm二层胚盘bile胆汁Billroth’soperationIBillroth'soperationIisanoperationinwhichthepylorusisremovedandthedistalstomachisanastomoseddirectlytotheduodenum.TheoperationismostcloselyassociatedwithTheodorBillroth,but4wasfirstdescribedbyPolishsurgeonLudwikRydigier.birthcanal产道bisalbuminemia双白蛋白血症，副白蛋白血症，是一种较少见的常染色体不完全显性遗传性病，表现为白蛋白呈异常双峰现象(两峰高度大致相等，一峰为正常白蛋白，另一峰为变异白蛋白)bivalvespeculum双瓣窥器blastoderm胚盘，胚层blockvertebrae阻滞椎，块状椎blood-brainbarrier血脑屏障bloodpressure血压bloodplasma血浆blow-outfracture爆裂性骨折(尤指眶底)Bowditch’slaw鲍迪奇氏定律(心肌刺激定律，神经不疲劳性)BrachtmaneuverBracht手法，amethodofextractionoftheaftercominghead(后出胎头)inbreechpresentation(臀先露).breathing呼吸bronchialasthma支气管哮喘bronchiolarcarcinoma(细)支气管癌bronchiolitis(毛)细支气管炎bronchiole-alveolarcarcinoma细支气管-肺泡癌(起源于细支气管基底细胞或Ⅱ型肺泡细胞的恶性肿瘤)bronchogram支气管造影片Bryant’striangle布莱恩特氏三角,髂股三角burn烧伤bypass旁路，支路calcanealtuber跟结节calyx盏，杯状结构capillary毛细管capture-recapturemethod【统计学】捕获-再捕获法，标记再捕法，捕捉—重捕方法carbondioxidecycle二氧化碳循环carcinoma癌(在医学上专指由上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤)carcinomainsitu原位癌cardiacarrest心搏停止，心脏停止跳动cardiaccycle心动周期(从收缩经松弛再到下次收缩之全部过程)cardiomyopathy（尤指原发性的）心肌症cardiovascularsystem心血管系统caries[单数复数同]龋齿，骨溃疡cavitaslaryngis喉腔5CD4/CD8countCD4/CD8计数cell细胞，电池celldetermination细胞决定cellmembrane细胞膜cellmarker细胞标记物centroblast生发中心母细胞cephalicpresentation头先露cerebellarcortex小脑皮质，小脑皮层cerebellum小脑cerebralhemorrhage(大)脑出血cerebralcortex大脑皮层，小脑皮质cerebrospinalfluid脑脊液chamber（身体或器官内的）室chemoreceptor化学感受器（=chemoceptor）cholangiography胆管造影术cholecystitis胆囊炎cholelithiasis胆石症，胆结石chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤chromosomeaberration染色体畸变chromosome染色体chronicbronchitis慢性支气管炎cilia纤毛，[单数cilium]ciliatedepithelium纤毛上皮circadian生理节奏的，昼夜节律的，24小时作用(或循环)的(指与地球24小时运转联系的新陈代谢、内分泌作用及睡眠等节奏有关的；此种节奏在高速宇宙航行中仍可能维持)circularanastomosis环形吻合术circulus圈；环[复数circuli]cirrhosis硬化，肝硬化cisternalpuncture小脑延髓池穿刺cleavage卵裂，分裂clinicalepidemiology临床流行病学clinicaltrial临床试验(对一种新疗法的科学评估)cloning克隆，无性繁殖closedchestmassage胸外心脏按摩Clostridiumperfringens产气荚膜梭菌，产气荚膜杆菌，产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌，是一种革兰氏阳性梭状杆菌，能产生芽孢，并能形成特殊荚膜的专性厌氧菌cloverleafskull头颅畸形coagulopathy凝血障碍coarctateretina紧压性视网膜cochlearduct耳蜗管，蜗管中道cochlearimplant人工耳(蜗)；耳蜗植入，耳蜗移植6Cockayne’ssyndrome科凯恩综合征(特征为早老，视网膜退化，听力受损，皮肤光过敏)coenzymeA辅酶A[CoA]colon结肠colony菌落，集落color颜色，脸色colposcopy阴道镜comedo粉刺，面疱[复数comedos或comedones]Comptoneffect康普顿效应（=Compton-De