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1.Geologyhasavitalparttoplayinallengineeringoperationswhichinteractinanywaywiththeground,andthusthescienceiscriticaltotheentirefieldofcivilengineering.地质发挥任何方式与地面交互的所有工程业务的一个重要组成部分,因此科学是整个土木工程领域的关键。2.Environmentalimpactstatementsarenowoftenmandatorybeforeconstructioncanbestarted.环境影响报告书,现在常常是强制性的,才可以开始建设。3.InLondon,becausethecityisbuiltonagreatbasinofunconsolidatedmaterial(includingthewell-knownLondonclay),tuberailways,locatedfarbelowgroundlevelandbuiltinclaythatwaseasilyandeconomicallyexcavated,haveprovidedanadmirablesolutiontoonepartofthecity'stransportationproblems.在伦敦,因为这个城市是一个松散材料(包括著名的伦敦粘土),管铁路,位于远低于地面和建在粘土,轻松和经济出土,大盆地建成,提供了一个令人钦佩的解决方案部分城市的交通问题。4.Coursesonfoundationengineeringandconstructionmethodspresentexcellentopportunitiesforgeologiclessons.基础工程和施工方法的课程,目前地质教训的极好的机会。5.Everybranchofcivilengineeringdealsinsomewaywiththesurfaceoftheearth,sincetheworksdesignedbycivilengineeraresupportedbyorlocatedinsomepartoftheearth'scrust.某种方式与地球表面的每个分支土木工程交易,因为由土木工程师设计的作品是支持或位于地壳的某些部分..1.地下铁道是城市交通系统的重要组成部分。Metroistheurbantransportsystem,animportantpartof2.土木工程师在设计之前必须对建筑场地进行勘察。Civilengineerinthedesignoftheconstructionsitemustbecarriedoutpriortosurvey3.施工方案有时取决于场地的工程地质条件。Sometimesdependingonthevenueconstructionprogramengineeringgeologicalconditions.1.Alltheseprocessesofrockformation,movementanddecayhavecausedrockfoundatthesurface(outcrop)toconsistofmanydifferenttypesandtohavedefinitephysicalproperties.所有这些岩石的形成,运动和衰变过程引起的表面(露头)发现的岩石,包括许多不同类型,并有明确的物理性质,化学性质。2.Windforcesmaybestrongenoughtoblowawaypiecesofrocksthathavebecomeloosebecauseotherweatheringprocesses.风的力量可能强大到足以吹走件已成为松散的,因为其他的风化过程的岩石。3.Whentherockreachestheelasticlimitafractureoccursandthereisasuddenreleaseofenergyintheformofearthquakewaves.Thefractureintherockiscalledafault.当岩石达到弹性极限和骨折的发生是突然释放的能量在地震形成的岩石波.骨折被称为故障。4.Wateractsassolventintheseprocessesbywhichplantsdecomposerocksandbreakthemdownintosoil.Theremovaloftheseelementsfromthebodyoftherockleavesverysmallspacesintowhichwaterentersandthedecayprocessaccelerates.水作为溶剂,在这些过程中植物分解岩石和打入土中.去除这些元素从岩体叶到其中的水进入和加速衰变过程中的非常小的空间。5.TheinterioroftheEarthisbelievedtobebuiltofconcentricshellsofrockmaterial,namedthecrustandmantle,whichsurroundacentralcore.被认为是地球内部的内置同心炮弹名为地壳和地幔岩石材料,围绕一个核心。1.地震不可避免地影响土木工程项目,工程师设计时要充分考虑地震力对结构物的影响。Inevitablyaffecttheearthquakecivilengineeringprojects,thedesignengineertofullyconsidertheseismicforcesonstructuresaffected.2.风化严重的岩石承载力大大降低。Weatheredrockbearingcapacitygreatlyreduced.3.岩体中存在大量结构面(大连续面)Therearealargenumberofstructuresintherockface(largediscontinuity)4.地壳运动引起火山喷发和地震的发生。Crustalmovementcausedbyvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakes1.Whendealingwithnon-cohesivesoilssuchassandsandgravelstheratesofcompressionwillkeeppacewiththeconstructionofthebuildingshethereforewhenthestructureiscompletethereshouldbenofuturesettlementifthesoilremainsisthesamestate.与非粘性土壤,如砂和砾石的压缩率处理时,会继续与建筑结构完成时,她因此应该是没有前途的解决办法,如果土壤仍然是相同的状态建设的步伐。2.Incohesivesoilsthevoidsareveryoftencompletelysaturatedwithwaterwhichinitselfidnearlyincompressibleandthereforecompressionofthesoilcanonlytakeplacebythewatermovingourofthevoidsthusallowingsettlementoftheparticles.在凝聚力的土壤的空隙很多时候,这本身就是几乎不可,因此土壤的压缩只能采取由水的地方,移动我们的空隙,从而使解决粒子的水完全饱和。3.Theresistancewhichcanbeofferedbyasoiltotheslidingofoneportionoveranotheroritsshearstrengthisofimportancetothedesignersinceitcanbeusedtocalculatethebearingcapacityofasoilandthepressureitcanexertonsuchmembersastimberinexcavations.可提供土壤之一或部分超过其抗剪强度的滑动阻力,因为它可以用来计算土壤承载力的压力,它可以对这些成员作为设计师的重要性木材发1.基础工程的费用占整个项目的50%。Basicprojectcost50%ofthetotalproject.2.桩基的承载力检测要在监理工程师的监督下进行。Pilebearingcapacitytesttobeunderthesupervisionofthesupervisingengineer3.沉降计算要充分考虑施工过程对土体性质的影响。Settlementcalculationoftheconstructionprocesstofullyconsidertheimpactofsoilproperties4.土工试验要尽量采取原状土,因为土体的力学参数受其结构的控制。Soiltesttotrytotakeundisturbedsoil,becausethemechanicalparametersofsoilstructureunderitscontrol.1.Theabilityofroadstoenabletraffictoflowfreelyandsafelybetweentheindustrialandcommercialcenterscontributesenormouslytowardsaprogressiveeconomy.能力,使道路交通流之间的工业和商业中心自由和安全地走向一个渐进的经济贡献巨大。2.Landscapingandhedgeandtreeplantingonthesidesandcentralreservationsshouldbearrangedtoprovideapleasantandinterestingoutlookfortheroadusers,toavoidmonotonyandboredom.园林绿化和两侧和中央预订对冲基金和植树应安排道路使用者提供一个愉快而有趣的的世界观,以避免单调和无聊。3.Mechanicalstabilizationconsistsofaddinggranularorcohesivematerials,dependingonwhichisthemostsuitable,tothesubsoiltoimproveitsgrading.Inparticularlydryclimates,itisoftenfoundnecessarytoaddalittlecalciumchlorideinordertoretainsufficientmoisturetoensurecohesion.机械稳定增加粒状或粘性材料,这是最合适的,底土,以改善其grading.在特别干燥的气候,往往要加少许的氯化钙,以保持充足的水分,以确保凝聚力。4.Assoonaspossibleafterconsolidation,itisadvisabletoapplyabituminousemulsionwaterproofsealoverthestabilizedsubsoil.尽快合并后,最好是申请在稳定心土乳化沥青防水密封5.Inmodernroadconstruction,thereisafargreaterrecognitionoftheimportanceofthesubsoilbeneatharoadthanwasthecaseyearsago.在现代化的道路建设,有一个底土的重要性大得多比年前的情况下承认的道路下方。1.为了避免视觉单调、乏味,道路两侧及中央分隔带要进行美化,种植树木。Landscapingandhedgeandtreeplantingonthesidesandcentralreservationsshouldbearrangedtoprovideapleasantandint
本文标题:土建专业英语课后习题答案
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