再生能源科技中的材料应用

－25－鑛冶52/1再生能源科技中的材料應用12壹、前　言98%CO2fossilfuel94201010%-1(1)2004-120042010%%1.191.14.27216.84.222.0.90.02215.94.203.0.0590.002.10.044.--5.00.105.56.731.2774.11.44248.85.56513.910.05.56%10.0%bio-massgasification12－26－九十七年三月貳、再生能源科技與材料2.1水力發電(2)16%4%80%21%95%3m11~13%Cr-ferrite-martensite-2-2[2]runnerguidevaneBS3100Gr425C12ASTM743GrCA6NM12.5%Cr,4%Ni;CharpyV55J0shaftBS29Gr550-670cheekplatesBS1449Gr410S21spiralcasingBS1501Gr223-490LT30C-Mn2.2風力發電[2]1MW60m(3)glassfiberreinforcedpolyesterresin,GRPGRPcarbonfiberreinforcedplastics,CFRPCrMo2.3生質能源－27－鑛冶52/1(4)2.3.1焚化爐發電20%40040barNiNiCrMo8%Inconel62561Ni-21Cr-9Mo-4Nb520100barInconel2831Ni-26Cr-4MoNiCr15-TM500Ni450Fe-35Cr-5SiInconel625SiO2[2]2.3.2農業廢棄物燃燒發電(2)20~25%4000GW10GW-3wt%(2)CCrMoAlTiY2O3FeODM331131.530.60.5BalanceODM75116.51.54.50.60.5BalancePM2000205.50.50.5BalanceMA9560.05204.50.50.5Balance15~30bar110045%30%oxidedispersedstrengthenedalloy,ODSalloy-3－28－九十七年三月-3OSDY2O3AlAl2O32.3.3生質材料的氣化（gasification）發電(2)SiC400~600400~5002.4氫能源CO2(5-7)200312HydrogenFuelInitiativesteamreforming80%(8)CO2pressureswingadsorption,PSAcryogenicdistillationcatalyticreforming(9-11)CVDself-supportedCVDmolecularsievingcarbon-4(10)-4(10)373K473-873K573-873K773-1173K873-1173KH25-13910004-201000H2*60-30060-30010-2006-80/CO2HCl,SOxH2S,HCl,COH2S---*10-3molm-2s-1,=1bar－29－鑛冶52/12.4.1高分子過濾膜H2,N2,CO~373KHCl,SOxCO2polyimide(11)2.4.2無機過濾膜2.4.2.1(11)PdH299.99%(12)H2Pd,V,Ta,NbTi-PdPd-Cu,Pd-AgPd3-5PdTa,V(13)Nb,Ta,VPd10-15Pd(10)Pd573○CPdCu,Ag,RuPd77Ag33,Pd90Y10,Pd60Cu40Pd1.7H2(14)PdH2-Al2O3Pd2.4.2.2mesomicroporousmicroporous2nmperovskite(10)COH2S(15)2nmPdfluxPdPd100%VycorCVD2.4.2.3carbonmolecularsievingmembrane,CMS773-1173KH2S,NH3,CFCCMS(10)CNT(11)－30－九十七年三月2.5太陽能2.5.1太陽熱電(2)2.5.2太陽能產氫steamreformingTiO2//TiO2(16)2.5.3太陽能光電photovoltaic(2)-15%CuInGaSe2CIGS(17,18)2.6奈米科技與太陽能(18)(1)(2)(3)(18)2.6.1增強半導體光觸媒5%TiO2－31－鑛冶52/1PtPdIrTiO2掺掺NSGa1-xZnxN1-xOx(19)2.6.2奈米結構光化學太陽能電池-1(1)-(2)(3)(4)卟啉porphyrinfullereneSnO2,ZnO,TiO2-1(A)-(B)TiO2(C)CdSe(D)[18](A)(B)(C)(D)－32－九十七年三月ZnObandgapCdSe,InAs,PbSPbSeTiO2,SnO2ZnO2TiO2/PbSTiO2/InPTiO2/InASSWCNTCNTCNTTiO2,SnO2,CdS,CdSeCNTCdS-CNT(20-22)2.5%2.7奈米碳管在儲能上的應用carbonnanotube,CNTCNTCNTCNTCNTCNTsupercapacitorCNTCNT-(23)參、結　語－33－鑛冶52/1肆、參考文獻坽夌Gooch,D.J.,Materialsissuesinrenewableenergypowergeneration.InternationalMaterialsReviews,2000.45(1):p.1-14.奅Windenergy-thefacts,in1999:Luxembourg,EuropeanCommunity.妵妺Ashokkumar,M.,Anoverviewonsemiconductorparticulatesystemsforphotoproductionofhydrogen.Int.J.HydrogenEnergy,1998.23:p.427-438.姏Shiga,H.S.,K.;Hagiwara,K.;Tsutsumi,A.;Sakurai,M.;Yoshida,K.;Balgen,E.,Largescalehydrogenproductionfrombiogas.Int.J.HydrogenEnergy1998.23:p.631-640.姎Rosen,M.A.S.,D.S.,Comparativeefficiencyassessmentforarangeofhydrogenproductionprocesses.Int.J.HydrogenEnergy,1998.23:p.631-640.妲TheHydrogenEconomy:Opportunities,Costs,Barriers,andR&DNeeds.2005,CommitteeonAlternativesandStrategiesforFutureHydrogenProductionandUse,NationalResearchCouncil,NationalAcademyofEngineering(NationalAcademyPress,Washington,DC).姌Kluiters,S.C.A.,StatusReviewonmembranesystemsforhydrogenseparation.2004,EnergyCenterofTheNetherlands:Petten,TheNetherlands.姁Adhikari,S.andS.Fernando,Hydrogenmembraneseparationtechniques.IndustrialandEngineeringChemistryResearch,2006.45(3):p.875-881.妶Aberg,C.M.,Membranesforhydrogenpurification:Animportantsteptowardahydrogen-basedeconomy.MRSBulletin,2006.31(10):p.735-741.妼Uemiya,S.,Briefreviewofsteamreformingusingametalmembranereactor.Top.Catal.,2004.29:p.79-84.姃Edlund,D.J.M.,J.M.,Therelationshipbetweenintermetallicdiffusionandfluxdeclineincomposite-metalmembranes:implicationsforachievinglongmembranelifetime.J.Membr.Sci.,1995.107:p.147-153.姖Shu,J.G.,B.P.A.;Neste,A.V.;Kaliaguine,S.,Catalyticpalladium-basedmembranereactors:Areview.Can.J.Chem.Eng.,1991.69:p.1036-1060.妱Edlund,D.,Hydrogenseparationandpurificationusingdensemetallicmembranes,A.DOEHydrogenSeparationandPurificationTechnologies,VA,Editor.2004.妽Ni,M.,Leung,MichaelK.H.,Leung,DennisY.C.,Sumathy,K.,Areviewandrecentdevelopmentsinphotocatalyticwater-splittingusingTiO2forhydrogenproduction.RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,2007.113:p.401-425.姀Birkmire,R.W.Evolutionandfutureprospectsofinorganicphotovoltaics.2004.Denver,CO,UnitedStates:InternationalSocietyforOpticalEngineering,Bellingham,WA98227-0010,UnitedStates.姈Kamat,P.V.,Meetingthecleanenergydemand:Nanostructurearchitecturesforsolarenergyconversion.JournalofPhysicalChemistryC,2007.111(7):p.2834-2860.妴Maeda,K.T.,K.;Lu,D.;Takata,T.;Saito,N.;Inoue,Y.;Domen,K.,Photocatalystreleasinghydrogenfromwater.Nature,2006:p.295.姇Baughman,R.H.Z.,A.A.;deHeer,W.A.,Carbonnanotubes-theroutetowardapplications.Science,2002.297:p.787-792.孢Huang,Q.G.,L..SynthesisandcharacterizationofCdS/multiwalledcarbonnanotubeheterojunctions.Nanotechnology,2004.15:p.1855-1860.孥Banerjee,S.W.,S.S.,Insituquantumdotgrowthonmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes.J.Am.Chem.Soc,2003.125:p.10342-10350.宓Liu,C.