农业产业化过程中均分地权和规模化经营研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文农业产业化过程中均分地权和规模化经营研究姓名：邵春杰申请学位级别：博士专业：管理科学与工程指导教师：邹珊刚20050427I50II+SCPIII-IVAbstractWhiletheChina’slong-termfarmingeconomyhassustainedtoalargedegreethegrowthofChinesepopulation,itgivesrisetotheconstraintofindustryandcommerce.Theharshdemographicgrowthfinallyhasturned“theintensetensionbetweenlandandpeople”toastrongresourceconstraintwhichhasconfinedtheprosperityofindustryforalongtime.Theperipheralpoliticaltenseandtheideaof“powerfulindustrialcountry”afterthefoundationofNewChinaareboundtostimulatetheformationofnewstrategies,castingnewnation-wideimpetustoacceleratethedevelopmentofheavyindustries.Inordertocutoffthetransactioncostwithbillionsoffarmers,thegovernmentadopteda“triple”strategicpolicyincludingdrawingoutfullbillofagriculturalsurplusbyconcentratingthefarmland,anddrawingoutallurbansurplusthroughurban-suburbandivisionandcontrollingurbancitizen’sincome,andthusestablishedacomparativelyconsummatenationaleconomicmechanisminanation-widescale.Whereasthedistributionmechanismthatconventionallyallocatedthelivingmaterialaccordingtoheadsnumberhasledtothegrowthofpopulationandinputconstraint,whichfurtherrecededtheendowmentconditionsandultimatelygavebirthtotheautomaticdisintegrationofurbancollectiveeconomicsystem,andresumedtheassignmentofprivateusingoffarmland.Sincethecontinuoustensebetweenpeopleandlandhadbeenarootedimpediment,thefractionizingoffarmland’sownershiphasnowbecomeaninevitablechoiceforstabilityofurbansocialeconomy,yetwhichthenleadstothefracturingcharacteristicsofagriculturaloperation.Undertheconditionthatourgovernmentcouldnotaffordtothebasicsustenancefunctionofagriculturalpopulation,thefunctionnaturallyfallsbacktothefarmland.Andatthesametimeourgovernmentstrivesattheiroutmosttoensurethepersistentstabilityofprivateusingoffarmlandthroughcollectiveownership,banningofmarketcirculationandconstancyofresponsibilitysystemin50years.However,becauseofthis,itcreatesthecurrentsituationoflowmerchandisingrateofproductsofnon-basicensuringfunctionsoffarmland,andthehandicappeddevelopmentoffarmland’sscaledVoperationthroughconvergingthemarketforces.Thestimulationofresponsibilitysystemanddualeffectsofagriculturaltechnologicaldevelopmenthasworkedoutaconstantincreaseinfarmlandproductivity,andturnedtheconversionoffarmers’initialfocusonsubsistencetonowmarketabilization.Confrontedwithenormousdemandoffarmingproduct,the“fracturing”characterizedsmall-scalefarmingeconomywillsurelyleadtothebirthoftorturedhightransactioncostsandextremelyhighmarketrisks.Thepursuitofscaledoperationthenbecomesthepressingdemandformarketabilizedeconomyofbillionsoffarmersaftertheirsatisfyingthebasicrequirementforsubsistence.Ontheotherhand,withtheriseoflivingstandardsofurbancitizens,theoriginalstate-monopolizedoperationpatternoffarmingproductcirculationhasnowbeenafarcryfromthatwhichiscapableoffulfillingthepeople’sdemandforfreshfarmingproducts.Marketimpetuscharacterizedbyaconspicuousconvergencetolarge-scalecapitalhasnowbeguntotakebirthinthefarmingproductscirculationfieldswithwhichagriculturalcirculationenterprisesspringuppromptly.Purposedtoguaranteethestablefarmingproductsources,bothagriculturalcirculationenterprisesandnumeroussmall-sizedeconomiesshouldsetouttohandletheproblemsofincreasingtransactioncostandriseofmarketrisks.Thusitbecomesanurgingpriorityforagriculturalenterprisestoorganizetheirsuppliersinconsiderabledimensions.Therefore,underthedualinfluencesofaverageownershipsystemoffarminglandandconstantdemandforfarmingproductsincirculationmarket,agriculturalscaledoperationtakesitsbirth.Basedonpracticalconstantabove,thisarticleconductstheanalysistoagriculturalscaledoperationunderaverageownershipsystemofrurallandinfollowingphasesandproposesseveralfollowingviews:Firstofall,therealizationofagriculturalscaledoperationshouldbeviatheformofagriculturalcorporationoperation.Thecurrentconditionofagriculturaloperationunderaverageownershipsystemofrurallandisthatthedisorganizationofdisparateagriculturaloperationstemminghighbilloftransactioncostand“corporations&farmers”organizationpatternofscaledoperationwillbothinevitablygivebirthtohigh-rocketeddefaultratioandafurtherstimulusofhightransactioncostunderthehandicappedmechanismoffarmingproductscirculationmarkets.VIThispaper,asfarasthecurrentsituationoftheformer,provesthatthewaytoreducetransactioncostshouldbeintheformofagriculturalindustrialization,andasforasthelater,bytransactioncosttheory,provesthatwestillcan’treducetransactioncostefficientlywith“orderagriculture”workingastheorganizationalmodeofagriculturalindustrialization.Therefore,thepapersuggeststhattheindustrializationtocutdowntransactioncostefficientlyis“agriculturalindustrializationintheformofcorporationoperation”,whichtransformthemarkettransactionbetweenfarmersandcompaniesintothecompanies’internaloperation.Thispaperalsoestablishesthatit’stheonlywaytoefficientlyreducethetransactioncostintheprocessofagriculturalindustrializationistheimplementationofthiskindoftransformation.Secondly,proposethatcorporationoperationonfarmproductsmarketistheimplementedpatternofcorporat