动词的被动语态.

动词的被动语态CONTENTS被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等被动词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。句式结构：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时①am\is\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V.p.p)一般将来时will\begoingto\be(about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V.p.p)一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V.p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+done(v.p.p)现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+being+done(V.p.p)过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+being+done(V.p.p)现在完成时have\has+done(V.p.p.)have\has+been+done(V.p.p)过去完成时had+done(V.p.p.)had+been+done(V.p.p.)过去将来时would/should+V.would/shouldbe+done(V.p.p.)举例：一般现在时：主：Webelievehim.被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般过去时：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.一般将来时：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被：Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone.举例：情态动词：主动：Wemustkeepthisinmind.被动：Thismustbekeptinmind.我们必须把这个记在心里。主动：Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.被动：Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。原来的谓语“shalluse”被动态中随新主语变为“will”。基本用法：1.当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时；eg.Mr.Wangisgreatlyrespectedbyallofus.王先生很受我们大家的尊敬。2.当没有必要说出动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时；eg.PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时；eg.Thewindowglasswasbrokenbyastone.窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。拓展:get+过去分词也可表示被动，get与be动词一样起助动词的作用，一般来谈论突然发生的实践，只表示动作，不表示状态。eg.Shegothurtonherwaybackhome.她在回家的路上受伤了。Someteacupsgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家的时候有一些茶杯打碎了。巧学妙记：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。主动形式表被动含义意义的情况：1.表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，常用主动形式表示被动意义，如：open，read,sell,teach,write等。eg,Hisnovelsellswell.他的小说很畅销。Yourpenwritessmoothly.你的笔写起来很流畅。2.少数动词的进行时常用主动形式表示被动意义，此时句子的主语通常为指物的名词，如：cook,do,owe,print等。eg,Thedinneriscooking.正在烧饭。Themagazineisprintinginthatcompany.杂志正在那家公司印刷。主动形式表被动含义意义的情况：3.一些词后的动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式，如：need,want,require等。eg，Thegardenneedswatering.(=Thegardenneedstobewatered.)这个花园需要浇水。Theproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.(=Theproblemrequirestobestudiedwithgreatcare.)这个问题需要仔细研究。主动形式表被动含义意义的情况：4.某些“形容词+不定式”结构中形容词说明不定式的特征，句子主语与不定式在逻辑上是被动关系，但不定式用主动形式，如：easy,hard,comfortable,dangerous等。eg,Thequestioniseasytoanswer.这问题容易回答。Thosesignsarehardtoseeclearly.那些标志很难看清楚。专项练习：1.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have2.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired3.Thatkindofshirts__cotton.A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof4.Mysuitaremade___cottonand___Shanghai.A.from,inB.of,inC.of,byD.from,by5.Whatisthis__inEnglish?A.callsB.callingC.callD.called6.They___dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork7.What____theforestinChinainthelast10years?A.hashappenedtoB.washappenedC.hashappenedatD.hasbeenhappenedto8.Manybridges___overtheriversinceliberation.A.arebuiltB.HavebuiltC.builtD.havebeenbuilt9.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built10.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired11.Manyhighbuildings___inourcitysinceIcamehere.A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.hasbuilt12.Youcangooutifyourhomework______.A.isdoneB.willdoC.willbedoneD.arefinished13.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven14.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing15.Thisoldmachine___theroomwet.A.usedtokeepB.wasusedtokeepingC.usedtokeepingD.wasusedtokeep16.Tom!You_____onthephonejustnow,butyou_____in.A.wanted,wereB.arewanted,areC.werewanted,weren’tD.called,aren’t17.Thismusic_____theMoonlightSonata.A.islistenedtoB.isheardC.issoundedlikeD.soundslike18.Thiscar_____ausedcar.A.doesn’tlooklikeB.isn’tlikedlikeC.doeslookD.looks19.Ifsmalltrees____,theywillgrowupquickly.A.takegoodcareofB.takegoodcareC.aretakengoodcareofD.aretakengoodcare20.Doyouknowwhat____?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled谢谢大家