分子生物学专业名词

第9章分子生物学专业名词15`UTR,3`UTR5’非翻译区，3’非翻译区2Activator激活剂3Agarose琼脂糖4Alkalinephosphatase,AP碱性磷酸酶5Allele等位基因6Aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase氨酰-tRNA合成酶7Annealing退火8Antibody抗体9Anticodon反密码子10Antigen抗原11Antisense(template)strandofDNA反义链DNA12Antisensegene反义基因13Attenuator弱化子，衰减子14Autogenouscontrol自主控制15Autonomouscontrollingelement自主控制元件16Autoregulation自主调控17Backmutation回复突变18Backcross回交19Bacterialartificialchromosome,BAC细菌人工染色体20Basallevel本底水平21Basemispairing碱基错配22Basepair,bp碱基对23Biochip生物芯片24Bioinformatics生物信息学25Bluntend平末端26Centraldogma中心法则27Centromere着丝粒28Chaperone分子伴侣29ChloroplastDNA,ctDNA叶绿体DNA30Chromatin染色质31Chromosome染色体32Cis-actingsite顺势作用位点33Cistron/Gene顺反子/基因34Cloningvector克隆载体35Coding(sense)strand编码链36Codingregion编码区37Codominantallele共显性38Codon密码子39Cohesiveend黏性末端40Compositetransposon复合转座子41Consensussequence保守序列共有序列42Conservativetransposition保守转座43Constitutiveheterochromatin组成型异染色质44Controllingelement控制元件45CoreDNA核心DNA46Coreenzyme核心酶47Coreparticle核心颗粒48Cotranslationaltranslocation共翻译易位49C-valueparadoxC值反常现象C值悖理50DloopD环51Deletion缺失52Deoxyribonucleicacid,DNA脱氧核糖核酸53Diploid二倍体54Directrepeat同向重复55DNAfingerprintDNA指纹56DNAligaseDNA连接酶57DNApolymeraseDNA聚合酶58Domainofprotein蛋白质结构域59EF-G延伸因子-G60Elongation延伸61Elongationfactor,EF延伸因子62Endonuclease核酸内切酶63Enhancer增强子64Euchromatin常染色质65Exon外显子66Exonuclease核酸外切酶67Expressionsequencetag,EST表达序列标签68Expressionvector表达载体69Facultativeheterochromatin兼性异染色质70Geneticcode遗传密码71Genome基因组72Genomiclibrary基因组文库73Gratuitousinducer74Hairpin发夹75Haploid单倍体76Heatshockresponseelement,HSE热休克反应元件77Helicase解链酶/解旋酶78HemimethylatedDNA半甲基化DNA79Heterochromatin异染色质80HeterogeneousnuclearRNA,hnRNA不均一核RNA81Heteromultimer异源多聚体82Histone组蛋白83Holoenzyme全酶84Homologousrecomination同源重组85Homomultimer同源多聚体86Housekeeping(constitutive)gene持家基因87Housekeepinggene持家基因88Hybriddysgenesis杂种败育89Hybridization杂交90Immunoblot免疫印迹91Insituhybridization原位杂交92Inclusionbody内含物93Incompletedominance不完全显性94Inducer诱导剂95Initiation转录起始96Initiationfactor,IF起始因子97Insertion插入98Insulator绝缘子99Intron内含子100Invertedterminalrepeats反向末端重复101Isoschizomer同工酶102LaggingstrandofDNADNA后随链103LeadingstrandofDNADNA前导链104Longterminalrepeat,LTR长末端重复105Luxurygenes奢侈基因106Meiosis减数分裂107MessageRNA,mRNA信使RNA108MinusstrandDNA负链DNA109Mismatch错配110MitochondrialDNA,mtDNA线粒体DNA111Mitosis有丝分裂112Molecularbiology分子生物学113MonocistronicmRNA单顺反子mRNA114Negativeregulation负调控115Nicktranslation切口平移116Nonautonomouscontrollingelement非自主控制元件117Nonhistone非组蛋白118Nonreplicativetransposition非复制性转座119Nonsensemutation无义突变120NorthernhybridizationNorthern121Nucleicacid核酸122Nucleicacidgelelectrophoresis核酸凝胶电泳123Nucleoid拟核124Nucleosome核小体125Okazakifragment冈崎片段126Oncogene癌基因127Openreadingframe,ORF开放阅读框/可译框架128Operator操纵基因129Operon操纵子130Origin原点131Packingratio132Phage/bacteriophage噬菌体133Plaque白小板134plasmid质粒135PlusstrandDNA正链DNA136Polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis,PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳137Polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸化138PolycistronicmRNA多顺反子mRNA139Polymorphism/geneticpolymorphism遗传多态性140Post-translationaltranslocation翻译后易位141Primer引物142Prion朊病毒143ProcessingofRNARNA加工144Programmedcelldeath,PCD程序性细胞死亡145Promoter启动子146Protein蛋白质147Proteinkinase蛋白激酶148Proteintranslocation蛋白质易位149Protemics蛋白质组学150Pseudogene假基因151pulsed-fieldgelelectrophoresis,PFGE脉冲场凝胶电泳152Recessiveinheritance隐性遗传153Regulatorgene调控基因154Releasefactor,RF释放因子155Renaturation复性156Repetitionfrequency重复频率157Replicationeye复制眼158Replicationfork复制叉159Replicon复制子160Repressor阻抑物161Restrictionendonuclease限制性内切核酸酶162Retrosposon,retrotransposon反转录转座子163Retrovirus逆转录病毒164Reversetranscriptase逆转录酶165Reversetranscription逆转录166Ribonucleoprotein核糖核蛋白167RibosomalRNA,rRNA核糖体RNA168Ribosome核糖体169Semiconservativereplication半保留复制170Semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制171Signalsequence信号序列172Silencer沉默子173SmallnucleaseRNA,snRNA核小RNA174Somaticcell体细胞175SouthernblottinghybridizationSouthern印迹杂交176Splicesite剪接位点177Startpoint起始点178Synonymcodon同义密码子179T4polynucleotidekinaseT4多聚核苷酸激酶180Telomerase端粒酶181Telomere端粒182Terminaltransferase末端转移酶183Termination终止184Terminator终止子185Trans-actingfactor反式作用元件（因子）186Transcription转录187TransferRNA,tRNA转运RNA188Transformation转化189Transgene转基因190Transposase转座酶191Transposition转座192Transposon,transposableelement转座子193Tumorsuppressorgene抑癌基因194Two-dimensionalgelelectrophoresis双向凝胶电泳195Upstream上游序列196Variegationofphenotype斑驳效应197WesternhybridizationWestern印迹杂交198Wobblehypothesis摆动假说199Yeastartificialchromosome,YAC酵母人工染色体载体200Zinicfinger锌指