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姓名姚润珏非编码RNA非编码Rna非编码RNA(Non-codingRNA)是指不编码蛋白质的RNA。其中包括rRNA,tRNA,snRNA,snoRNA和microRNA等多种已知功能的RNA。1非编码RnasnRNA是smallnuclearRNA的简称,也称作小核RNA其功能是与蛋白因子结合形成小核核糖蛋白颗粒(smallnuclearribonucleo-proteinpartcle,简称snRNPs),行使剪接mRNA的功能。snoRNA是最早在核仁发现的小RNA,称作小核仁RNA,最初发现它们的生物功能是用来修饰rRNA的。1miRNAsmiRNAs在调控基因表达方面的重要作用逐渐被研究者们发现。miRNAs是一类19~25nt的具有调控功能的非编码RNA,它们主要参与基因转录后水平的调控。2miRNAsWangY,MedvidR,MeltonC,etal.DGCR8isessentialformicroRNAbiogenesisandsilencingofembryonicstemcellself-renewal[J].NatGenet,2007,39(3):380-3852RNAblotanalysismiRNAsMorphologyofEsfromwild-type,Δ/ΔandrescuedEScells.EBswereculturedfor40–50d.RT-PCRanalysisofpluripotency(Oct4)anddifferentiationmarkers(Fgf5,T(brachyury),Hnf4a,Krt18)afterEBdifferentiation.Gapdhwasusedasareference.2miRNAs2miRNAsTeratomaformationbywild-typeandDgcr8knockoutEScells.ArrowinΔ/Δtumoridentifiesregionofepithelialdifferentiation.WangY,MedvidR,MeltonC,etal.DGCR8isessentialformicroRNAbiogenesisandsilencingofembryonicstemcellself-renewal[J].NatGenet,2007,39(3):380-3852miRNAs在DGCR8基因敲除的小鼠模型中,也发现类似于Dicer缺失的情况,即ES细胞无论是在增殖、细胞周期调控,还是在分化过程中均发生异常。如DGCR8缺失的ES细胞出现G1期阻滞,提示miRNAs在促进ES细胞顺利通过G1/S转变期上具有重要的调节作用;将DGCR8缺失的ES细胞注射到宿主小鼠皮下也无法诱导分化形成3个胚层的细胞类型。将人类ES细胞Dicer敲除后,其增殖速度减慢,处于G1和G2期的细胞数量明显增多,而处于S期的细胞数量则相对减少,在增殖和分化方面出现障碍。这些研究结果表明,miRNAs的表达对于ES细胞的增殖和分化具有重要的调控作用。2miRNAsES细胞中许多特异的miRNAs,如小鼠ES细胞miR-290家族和miR-302家族,其表达受到Oct4、Sox2和Nanog等转录因子的调控,这些转录因子结合在小鼠ES细胞特异性miRNAs的启动子上,使其在ES细胞优势表达,这些ES细胞特异性miRNAs又与ES细胞分化相关的靶基因mRNA、结合,抑制其表达,进而参与维持ES细胞多能性的调控。2长非编码Rna长链非编码RNA分类天然反义链转录本基因间IncRNAs假基因内含子IncRNA双向转录本,启动子相关转录本和增强子转录本3长非编码Rna3这项研究发现了p53对lincRNAs的调控作用:可以提高lincRNA-P21的表达量,之后这一小分子将与蛋白hnRNP-K结合,再调控下游其它基因的表达。这项研究说明lincRNA能形成一定的二级结构,并参与到蛋白活性调控中来。Celldoi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.040alargeIntergenicNoncodingRNAInducedbyp53MediatesGlobalGeneRepressioninthep53Response长非编码RnaIncRNA在调控胚胎干细胞多能性及胚胎发育过程中发挥着重要作用。研究表明Oct4激活的AK028326及Nanog抑制的AK141205与胚胎干细胞关键的多能性转录因子Oct4和Nanog能够形成调节回路;过表达和干扰这两个IncRNAs能够引起细胞谱系特异性基因的表达变化及细胞多潜能性的改变。3长非编码RnaRegulationoftheESCtranscriptomebynuclearlongnoncodingRNAsJanH.Bergmann,JingjingLi,MélanieA.Eckersley-Maslin,FrankRigo,SusanM.FreierandDavidL.SpectorPublishedbyColdSpringHarborLaboratory3长非编码Rna3IdentificationoflncRNAsassociatedwiththeESCstate3Heatmap(gene-wisez-score)ofthe50lncRNAsmostspecifically(calculatedbasedonz-score)expressedinESCsat≥1FPKM.(FPKM):RNA-seq是透过次世代定序的技术来侦测基因表现量的方法IdentificationoflncRNAsassociatedwiththeESCstate3ExpressionheatmapofthegenemodulecontainingPou5f1asdeterminedbyweightedgenecoexpressionanalysis.Platr14isassociatedwithmaintenanceoftheESCgeneexpressionprofile3intra‐modulegeneconnectionsbetweenlncRNAandproteincodingPlatr14isassociatedwithmaintenanceoftheESCgeneexpressionprofile3Platr14isspecificallyexpressedinESCsatacomparativelyhighexpressionlevel长非编码Rna3lncRNAdepletionbyRNA-seq24hoursafterASOtransfectionantisenseoligonucleotide(ASO)Platr14isassociatedwithmaintenanceoftheESCgeneexpressionprofile3Heatmap(gene-wisez-score)ofgenessignificantlyaffectedwithin24hoursoftransfectionofPlatr14specificASOsPlatr14isassociatedwithmaintenanceoftheESCgeneexpressionprofile3Amongthese,weshowthatacutedepletionofPlatr14usingantisenseoligonucleotidesimpactsthedifferentiation-anddevelopmentassociatedgeneexpressionprogramofESCs.总结weshowthatacutedepletionofPlatr14usingantisenseoligonucleotidesimpactsthedifferentiation-anddevelopmentassociatedgeneexpressionprogramofESCs.WeestablishabiologicallyrobustprofileoflncRNAexpressioninthesetwocelltypesandfurtherconfirmthatthemajorityoftheselncRNAsareenrichedinthenucleus.3Together,thesedataconfirmthatPlatr14tightlyassociateswithexpressionofkeypluripotencygenesandhasafunctionalimpactwithrespecttomaintenanceoftheESCgeneexpressionprogram.
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