四川成都某化工厂化学事故及处理方法之我见

11000799“1092005”,,2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2-285.84-425.61H=(285.84-425.61)2279.545KgNa,H2,7.2.21804.29156kj/kg,5kgNa1kg10122022CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2(g)+Q01220351003.0104kJ103ms1002821m/s47518.359450010302.08105Pa57838520043dtdM’dMtMdM’=kdtdtdtdM’=kdtkdtM/(V/22.4)VdM=dM’kdtM/(V/22.4)dM=(1M/(V/22.4))kdtM=Ce22.4kt/V+V/22.4M00M=(1e22.4kt/V)V/22.43%M=0.268V200Lkt=0.2721mol0.2721mol9.80gk5Na(s)+H2O(l)NaOH(s)+1/2H2rHm=426.73(285.84)=140.98kJ/mol5281.965kkJttH/(nCp,m)=H/((200/22.4)3.5R)=5.43103kT500200520050k=0.0276mol/s10520015505t=(5000/23)0.50.2721(30+15)=1.7976104s=5h510122045NaNaNa22222222222224HNaOHOHNaONaOONaONaONa+⇒+⇒+⇒+NaNaNaNa22,ONaNaOHNaNa2232322222222HONaCHCHOHCHCHNaHNaOHOHNa+⇒++⇒+Na5Na217.4mol108J2435LNakkJ/mol84.285HO2H2mf222•−=∆→+ΦOH1000ms4400msNaNaHNa22323222HONaCHCHOHCHCHNa+⇒+NaNa1231012205?0122071Na,,0.97kg/m3---;97.81,;,3S1,495.8KJ/mol,0.9,.H2,,,;,Na,,,:2Na+2H2O2H2O+H2:,,Na,,H2,.,;.,,,;,,O2,.NaH2O,;,,.(,,,.)H2O24.018.359.075H2:,,,.H2O2,::H2+O22HOH2+M2H+M:HO+H2H+H2OH+O2O+HOO+H2H+OHH+O2+MHO2+MHO2+H2H2O+HO:2HH2H+OHH2OH+HH2:v=F(C)/[fs+fc+A(1-)](F(c)-,fs-,fc-,A-,-,1)F(C)/[fs+fc+A(1-)]0,!,,H2,,,,,,H238.5%25.4mm4.83m/sH2,,,.,,,,,,,.,,,!!!(,.)1012208109Na+H2OH2+NaOHs25NaOHNaOHfH=(-426.73+285.84)KJ/mol=-140.89KJ/mol5H=-140.89*5*1000/23kj=-3.06E+4KJ,50TNTNaNaNa+CH3CH2OH=CH3CH2ONa+H25Na5*46/23Kg=10Kg;=0.8kg/m3V=m/=10/0.8m3=12.5m3,12.5/(4*60)m3/min=0.052m3/min,5*1000/23/(2*4*60)mol/min=0.453mol/min,250.453*8.314*298/101325m3/min=0.011m3/min,11-3.06E+4/(4*60)kj/min=-127.5kj/min,127.5Kj,NaNa1012209uAQtmMV0CpmT0Tdtdtdtu101221010105“”.Na+H2O=NaOH+1/2H2CH3CH2OH+NaCH3CH2ONa+1/2H2.5.580.10.8790.866-95110.8.550TNT1012211120025123550TNT105130012123123433101221310920052Na+2H2O=H2+2Na(OH)2Hm=281.78KJ/mol2mol281.78KJ281.78KJTNT30550TNT”2Na+2C2H5OHH2+2C2H5ONaHm=2511.68KJ/mol””10122142002-10-11:109,—5””200L,,500.””.,??.?,:2Na(s)+2H2O(l)2NaOH(s)+H2(g)Hm=-281.78KJ.(5000/23)mol,,61.3MJ!:2Na+2H2O2NaOH+H246g22.4L5000g2434.8L,,.,2H2+O22H2O,31.07MJ.,.,.:1-,;2-.,(,,;,,,,,,),,.3-(250),,,,.,,,,,.1012215261550TNT2318.3%~~59.0%1000/1Na(s)+xNH3=Na++e(NH3)x22Na(s)+2NH3(l)=NaNH2+H212314301221615KgNaNaOHmolkJHmf/3.426−=∆θ2221HNaOHOHNa+→+1H∆OHOH22221→+molkJH/4.2852−=∆θmfHHH∆=∆+∆12NamolkJH/9.1401−=∆Na140.9J5NaJQ7310239.3109.140235000×=××=mol1082235000=×J710102.3×NaNaNaNaEtOHEtOH→+−+kJH2.45.15851±−=∆OHHC52molkJHmf/63.277−=∆θHH22→molkJHH/218)(=•∆molkJQ/1312=−EtO3H∆))((31QHHHHHmf+•∆−∆−∆=∆θmolkJH/13.2223−=∆221HEtONaEtOHNa+→+kJHHHmf5.553=∆−∆=∆θNaNaNaEtONa120122175.5oC80.1oC1.58.00.02CaCl2CaSO4NaP2O5MgSO4CaCl2CaCl2CaSO42CaSO4H2O100oC2CaSO4H2O230240oCMgSO4MgSO412H2O150oCP2O5P2O580.1oC29.670.469.3oC0122181NaNa2221HNaOHOHNa+→+1H∆OHOH22221→+NaOHmolkJHmf/3.426−=∆θmolkJH/4.2852−=∆θmfHHH∆=∆+∆12NamolkJH/9.1401−=∆5NaJQ7310239.3109.140235000×=××=J710102.3×0NaEtOHEtOH→+−+kJH2.45.15851±−=∆OHHC52molkJHmf/63.277−=∆θmolkJHH/218)(=•∆molkJH/13122=∆−EtO3H∆))((231HHHHHHmf∆+•∆−∆−∆=∆θmolkJH/13.2223−=∆221HEtONaEtOHNa+→+kJHHHmf5.553=∆−∆=∆θNaNa1012219.1091.10NasH2Ol=NaOHaq21H2g89.140−=∆HmrϑKJ/mol55Kg0.023/mol140.89KJ/mol=3.063104KJTNTC7H5N3O6l421O2g=7CO2g25H2Ol23N2g=∆Hmrϑ962.9KJ/mol531.8TNT50550TNT2.20025C57.108=nmolNasH2Ol=NaOHaq21H2g063.3=∆Hrϑ×104KJUQ∆=()HTTCrvUϑ∆=−=∆12()=+=CCNavvnR251.972104J/K4.1851112=∆+=∆+=CTTTvUTK=⇒=pnRTpV8.37106Pa833.R=1.1tntwWTNT300R=2.7tntwWTNT300WTNTRm550R7.8m5002RX+2Na→RR+2NaX2C2H5Br2Na→C4H102NaClPh—BrCH3CH2CH2CH2Br→−−°%72%62,20,CNaPh—CH2CH2CH2CH32NaBrC5H62C5H62Na→2[C5H5]Na+H2↑012220123454(1)(2)(3)1127.515min21CaSO4.1/2H2O,58467C.31C1C2T50T950.0540.0002400.0280.0093200.0480.000309h0.0230.01938750.0300.021304d1C1C2342T50C1C2+50/100(C2-C1)min;T95C1C2+95/100(C2-C1)min.4.11000122211HG2322--9226221HEtONaEtOHNa+→+4-74.3()20087830%1092005550TNT550TNT2Na+2H2O=H2+2Na(OH)2Hm=281.78KJ/mol2mol281.78KJ550.0232281.783.06104KJ50TNTTNTC7H5N3O6227.131.65480.7240()3006.13Pa(0.046mmHg82)820.73435KJ53.061040.2271334352TNT50H2OHOH22221→+molkJH/4.2852−=∆4TNT50TNT50TNT10122234.81ms-14%75%15000ms-190000ms-15217mol110mol3004500LV/T=4500/3*3600*3=0.14L/SN2V’/T=0.14/0.4*0.96=3.64L/SN210122261232Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22Na+2H2O=2CH3CH2ONa+H22Na+2H+2Na+H2;TNTTNTTNTCH3O3NNO3NO3246TNT287.2K,101325PaC6H2CH3(NO3)2s+212O2(g)=7CO2(g)+5/2H2O(l)+3/2N2(g),rHm=-3454.5kJ/mol;Na(s)+H2O(l)=NaOH+1/2H2(g),rHm=-139.76kJ/mol;TNT.80.10110.62970.981.0109.0112.0,.,.,0.02%.1300kg1kg.2.5kg..,10kg,,.,.10122272Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2,2H2+O2==2H2O,110TNT31077830%TNT452610122285.580.10.8790.866-95110.82Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2550TNTCH3CH2ONaCH3CH2ONa+H2O=CH3CH2OH+NaOHTNTNa+H2O=NaOH+1/2H2H=-141KJ/molTNT870/mol(),3.6KJ/mol217.39mol,30652KJ8.39molTNT,1.95050TNT50010122291092611000ml0.003g218-2530.876-0.8800.682-0.8682Na+2H2O2NaOH+H210*36/46=7.8Kg,0.6;10-5*36/46Kg=3.9Kg0.30.05g/mol,NaNa0122302005Kg1H2ONaH2+NaOH2EtOH+NaH2+EtONa4.1%75%H25725725Kg50KgTNT,11107110921Na(s)+H2OlNaOH(S)+H2(g)H=426.73(285.84)=140.89KJ/2Na(s)+EtOH(l)EtONa(l)+H2(g)(1)H+(s)+Et(l)EtOH(L)(2)218KJ1312KJ21585KJ155KJ1012231,,,,.,,.13001.3m351.3m3.5*18/23=42Na2H2O2NaOH+H21.3m31.3m3*0.857Kg.m-3=11144120012003H2510122