农业英语练习参考答案

Unit1TextAText-relatedexercisesI.1.Agronomyisthescienceandtechnologyofproducingandusingplantsforfood,fuel,fiber,andreclamation2.Theyareinvolvedwithanyissuesincludingproducingfood,creatinghealthierfood,managingenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,andcreatingenergyfromplants.3.Toproducethebestcropsundervariousconditions.4.Bychangethegeneticsoftheplants.5.Inlabs6.Compoundsofnitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium.7.Contourplowing.8.Sustainableagriculture,organicfarming,alternativefoodsystemsandthedevelopmentofalternativecroppingsystems.9.Quantitively.10.Fourtotwelveyears.II.1.作物育种2.轮作，轮种3.植物生理学4.有机耕作5.杂草控制，除草6.plantgenetics7.selectivebreeding8.contourplowing9.soilfertility10.（insectand）pestcontrolIII.1.plants2.combines3.healthier4.agriculture5.genetics6.yields7.nutritional8.civilization9.security10.resistantIV.1.Agronomic/Agriculturalbiotechnologyisincreasinglybeingusedappliedfornovel/newusesotherthanfood.2.Agronomyinvolveswithbiology,ecology,chemistryandothersciences.3.Selectivebreedingofplantsistoproduce/develop/breedthebestcropsadaptedtodifferentenvironmentsandgrowingconditions.4.Agronomistsoftenspecializeinareassuchascroprotation,soilclassification,weedcontrolandinsectandpestcontrol.5.Agroecologystudiesthemanagementofagriculturalsystemonecologicalandenvironmentalperspetives.Theme-relatedExercisesI.1-6FTFTFFII.1.Mpotential2.Kadoption3.Iacute4.Hcombine5.Fwork6.Gactively7.Doptimally8.Cinitiative9.Navailable10.ApromoteTextBText-relatedexercisesI.1.Killpests’naturalenemiesandtheiroverusecanharmfarmers,consumersandtheenvironment.2.Whenthenaturalprocessesofpestregulationbreakdown.3.Ecosystemapproach4.Tomanageinsectpestpopulationstothepointwherenaturalpredationoperatesinabalancedwayandcroplossestopestsarekepttoanacceptableminimum5.Morethan/exceedUS$40billion6.Almostthesame/littlechange.30-40percent.7.Lessthan1%.Therestcontaminates/pollutestheair,soilandwater.8.Urbanandperi-urbanhorticulture9.Becausethepesticidesareaggressivelymarketed.10.In1960s.IPMhasbeenbasedonecology,theconceptofecosystemsandthegoalofsustainingecosystemfunctions.II.a--3,b--6,c--1,d--2,e--7,f--4,g--5III.1.option2.contaminates3.negative4.viciouscycle5.Pesticide6.excessive7.Health8.Occupational9.pesticideresidues10.ecosystemsIV.1.Therisksposedbypesticidestohealthandtheenvironmenthavearousedpublicconcernsworldwide/globally.2.BeforetheIndustrialRevolutionfarmingwasalabor-intensiveindustry,andthevastmajorityofthehumanpopulationlaboredinagriculture3.Usuallyproperuseofpesticidescan,tosomeextent,keeppestsincheck.4.Over-relianceonpesticidescontributestoaviciouscycleofresistanceinpests.5.Excessiveuseofpesticideexposesfarmerstoserioushealthrisksandhasnegativeconsequencesfor/effects/influenceson/theenvironment.Theme-relatedExercisesI.1-5ACDBCII.作为基于生态系统的战略，病虫害综合治理在世界农业发展中已取得了一些显著的成绩。如今，大规模的政府病虫害综合治理项目已在60多个国家中开展起来，包括巴西、中国、印度和大多数发达国家。一个普遍的科学共识是，病虫害综合治理可服务于作物生产可持续集约化，并为保护性的作物生产可持续集约化实施提供基础，而这也正是近期国际农业科技发展评估机构所强调的。TextC1-7CADCDBB8.negativeeffects/influences9.anincreasinglyglobalissue10.lessthanfivepercentUnit2TextAText-relatedexercisesI.1-7DBCDACC8.Theenvironmentandtheneedforfood9.thedecompositionoforganicmatter10.TechnologicaladvancementsII.1.conservationtillage2.solarradiation3.landdegradation4.toxicemission5.pesticideresistance6.碳封存7.一氧化二氮8.畜牧养殖业9.饲料作物10.化学降解III.1.drivers2.freshwater3.contributors4.occupies5.greenhousegases6.ecosystem7.estimated8.constant9.poisoning10.worsenIV.1.Bycomparison,theemissionofCO2fromlivestockproductionismuchhigherthanthatfromalltransportation.2.Advancedscienceandtechnologymakestheenvironmentalimpactofagriculturenotinevitable.3.Ifthegreenhouseeffecttakeshold,extremeeventslike/suchasdroughtsandfloodswillbenotunusual.4.Agricultureismostvulnerabletotheimpactsofclimatechange.5.Thelivestocksectoristhelargestsourceofwaterpollution,contributingtoeutrophication,Theme-relatedExercisesI.1-5DBAAB6-10CBDCA11-15DBACA16-20BBCCAII.1.Henvironmentally2.Ovarious3.Jwide4.Bplayed5.Cpromoting6.Fimplemented7.Nconjunction8.Aaided9.Dpotentially10.LcontaminationTextBText-relatedexercisesI.1.5,Surfacewater,underriverflow,groundwater,desalination,andfrozenwater.2.Saline/Sea/Oceanwater,97%.3.3%.4.glaciers.5.Waterfromriver,lakeorfreshwaterwetland.6.Brazil,RussiaandCanada.7.Deepsub-surfacewaterinanaquifer.8.throughpollution9.Desalinationisanartificialprocessbywhichsalinewater(generallyseawater)isconvertedtofreshwater.10.TenofAsia’slargestriversflowfromthereII.1-e,2-h,3-f,4-g,5-d,6-c,7-a,8-bIII.1.ThedistributionoftheEarth’swaterisnotconstantatanygiventime.2.Thetotalquantityoffreshwaterontheearthissubjecttomanyfactors.3.SeawatercanbeconvertedtofreshwaterbydesalinationIV.略Theme-relatedExercisesI.在大多数国家农业是主要用户大户。它也面临着巨大的挑战：2030年前食品生产要增加50%,2050年前翻番。这一目标很可能要在水资源更好的情况下实现，主要原因是城市化、工业化和气候变化带来的不断增加的压力。在这种背景下/因此，指导农民提高用水效率、改善农业水管理，同时保护好水生生态系统将非常重要。II.1-5DBABCTextC1.Thelossofbalanceofastablesoil.2.Throughalterationandhumification.3.Six.Meadows,springcultures,slopinggrounds,theuseofherbicides,newculturalpractices,andfertilization.4.Itsdisturbanceofvegetation5.Bywaysofovergrazingofa