定从

定语从句JIN定语从句的基本构成定语：在句子中修饰名词以及代词的词或词组，“……的”Sheisabeautifulgirl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。Theytalkaboutsomethingimportant.他们谈论一些重要的事情。从句的结构：简单句（主句）+引导词+简单句（从句）定语从句：修饰名词以及代词的从句主句+关系词+从句Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.Theytalkaboutsomethingthatareimportant.先行词Sheisagirl（主句）whoisbeautiful.Theytalkaboutsomething（主句）thatareimportant.Girl——whoSomething——that先行词不同，定语从句所用的关系词也不同。为什么用的关系词不同呢？被修饰词不同关系词关系代词关系词+代词在句子中做主要成份，如主语、宾语that、which、who、whose、whom等关系副词关系词+副词在句子中不做主要成份，一般做状语where、when、why等关系代词1）which先行词是物，which在从句中做成份——主、宾、表Ilikethebookwhichisinteresting.Ilikethebook(which)theteachergaveyou.2）who/whom先行词是人，who在从句中做成份——主、宾、表HeisthemanwhoismyChineseteacher.whom只能在从句中作宾语Heistheman(who/whom)Isawyesterday.在从句中做宾语时，可以省略关系代词3）that先行词既可以是物，也可以是人，that在从句中做成份——主、宾、表；可与which/who互换Ilikethebookthat/whichisinteresting.Heisthemanthat/whoIsawyesterday.4）whose先行词既可以是物，也可以是人，whose+名词，表示所属关系Heisthemanwhosehairisbrown.Theboylivesinahousewhoseroofisblue.关系词关系代词关系词+代词在句子中做主要成份，如主语、宾语that、which、who、whose、whom等关系副词关系词+副词在句子中不做主要成份，一般做状语when、where、why等关系副词1）when表示时间，在从句中做时间状语，先行词一般是表示时间的词IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.1MiddleSchool.我依然记得你从一中毕业的那一年。Iforgotthedaywhenyoumethim.我忘记你见到他的那一天了。2）where表示地点，在从句中做地点状语，先行词一般是表示地点的词Iliketheplacewhereyoulive.我喜欢你住的那个地方。ThatistheschoolwhereIstudied3yearsago.关系副词3）why表示原因，在从句中做原因状语，先行词只是reasonIknowthereasonwhyheleft.我知道他为什么离开。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。关系副词不能省略thatVSwhichthat既可以指人，也可以指物；which只能指物Ilikethebookthat/whichyougaveme.Idon’tknowthemanthatyoulike.只能用that，不能用which的情况：1）先行词为all,much,none,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时，只能用that；Theytalkaboutsomethingthatareimportant.2）先行词被theonly,thelast修饰时，只能用that；ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.3）先行词前面有序数词或者形容词最高级的时候，只能用that；ThisisthefirstbookthatIread.ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.4）先行词前面有all,any,no等，只用that；IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.5）当主语是which引导的疑问句时，只用that。Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?Exercise---Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Jenny?---Ilovemusic_____isquiteandgentle.A.thatB.whoC.where---Whichisyournewneighbor,LiMing?---Theman____T-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose---Whatareyoulookingfor?---I’mlookingforthebook_____youlentmeyesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whenD./Doyouknowtheman____savedthreepupilsintheaccident?A.whoB.itC.whomD.whose---NowadaysWeChatisverypopularamongfriends.---Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofcommunication______peoplelike.A.thatB.whichC.whoADDAADoyourememberthetime__________wegotlostinthepark?Hereallylikesthatschool__________hetaught50yearsago.Thisisthemostexpensiveclothes________shehasbought.Idon’tknowthereason_____hewassoangry.Thereisnothingintheworld______canmakemegiveup.Heisthelastone_____leavestheclassroom.Ilikethesciencebook_______yougaveme.whenwherethatwhythatthatthat/which/不填Thanks!