简单句五种基本句型-解析

英语简单句五种基本句型A:词类及基本用法练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）各种词类及其在句子中的作用：1.Nouns(n.)名词：-----主语(S)，宾语(O)，表语(P)等2.Verbs(v.)动词----谓语(V)（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）3.Pronouns（pron.)代词：----主语，宾语，表语等e.g.Katehasapiano.Shelikesitverymuch.____S___V_______O___S___V__O4.Adjectives(adj.)形容词：----定语(At.)表语（P）e.g.Theovercoatisverybeautiful.Thisisaverybeautifulovercoat.5.Adverbs(adv.)副词：------状语（Ad.)6.Numerals(num.)数词：------定语，表语，主语等e.g.25(desks)______(be)enough.7.Articles(art.)冠词：一般不单独构成句子成分(At.)(P)is8.Prepositions(prep.)介词（in,at,on,…)prep.+n.介词短语-----状语(Ad.),表语等e.g.Wecanseethebikeunderthetree.9.Conjunctions(conj.)连词(and,or,but,so…)一般不构成成分，仅起连接作用10.Interjections(interj.)感叹词(ah,oh,yeah…)一般不构成成分，起加强语气作用英语简单句五种基本句型B:五种句型基本句型一Ｓ(subject)+V(verb)（主＋谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.Hiswordsworks.SV基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等以及prove等。+adj.+adj.SV(link--V.)P1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Everythinglooksdifferent.3.天气更凉爽了。Theweatherbecomescooler.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVoSV(Vt.)O1.她经常帮她妈妈。Sheoftenhelpshermother.2.我想要一杯茶。Iwantacupoftea.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.SV(Vt.)InODO1.Shepassedhimanewdress.2.John告诉我他的想法。Johntoldmehisidea.基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成—宾语是…/做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.SVOOCSV(Vt.)OOC1.Wekeepthetableclean.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.他让我马上回来。Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。madebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope._________________同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(SVO）Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。（SVOC）练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型1.Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.主+谓2.Thisfoodlooksinviting.主+系+表3.Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.主+谓+宾+宾补4.Goodkeepsyouhealthy.主+谓+宾+宾补5.Thepalaceswerelargeandbeautiful.主+系+表6.Horse-riding,hammerthrowandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.主+系+表8.Iwillpickuprubbishfromtheground.主+谓+宾9.Youcanplantatreeorbuildabirdhouse.主+谓+宾10.Iwilltellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.主+谓+宾+宾补按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiarytobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.SV____________________________________O_________Ad.()S___________VSVO______________________OCS_________VOOC并列复合句Analyzethesentences:Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.SV__________________{}OcSVPAc（）_________________________________________________________S____________________VOOCIt’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.SVP_________________________________________SAd.C(状从)SVP____________________At.C(定从)AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.S()At.(定语)VP()At.(定语)ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.SVPAd.CSVO_____________________________()At.C(定从)ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.S+VA53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V+OAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThaila