过去分词作定语表语宾补

Grammar-----RevisethePastParticipleastheAttribute,PredicativeandObjectComplement英语口语坏了的眼镜熟食被偷了的孩子spokenEnglishstolenchildrencookedfoodbrokenglasses过去分词作定语，(thePastParticipleAdjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,及物动词的过去分词表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。落叶boiledwatertherisensun升起的太阳开水fallenleavesretiredteachers退休教师(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。激动的人们冲进大楼。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=timewhichislost)Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Theboy_____________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowveryhandsome.punishedseverelybytheteacherThebook___________________(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.writtenbythefarmer=(whichwaspunishedseverelybytheteacher)=(whichiswrittenbythefarmer)MyheartisbrokenbecauseyouarenotinterestedinEnglish.过去分词作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。Theygotvery(兴奋)Shewasvery(失望)toheartheresult.He’squite(有经验)inteachingbeginners.Well,hisfatherseems(满意)withhisresults.excited.pleaseddisappointedexperienced过去分词作表语C该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人以及人的表情动作感到怎样的，用-ing形式来表示令人怎么样的。(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．amovingmovie感人的电影amovedaudience被感动的观众boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回来时发现有人破门而如入。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。做宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词做宾语补足语的动词有：1.see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice,suppose,consider等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。我们发现她变了很多。___________________________________.Wefoundhergreatlychanged我们认为球赛输了。___________________________Wethoughtthegamelost．2.make,get,have,help,leave,hold等表示“致使”意义的动词。什么使他们这样害怕？_________________________________.她用双手按着脸。__________________________________________.3.like,want,wish,order等表示“希望，要求”等意义的动词。他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。Hewon’tlikesuchquestions________________________.Whatmadethemsofrightened?discussedatthemeetingSheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：Shehadherhouserepaired．Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?①(请人)把某事做完。过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。你在哪儿理的发?她请人把屋子修好了。②参遭遇某种意外情况。昨天她的钱包被偷了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.他的腿断了。____________________Hehadhislegbroken.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。_______________________________________他今年已存了1000元。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．HehashadonethousandYuansavedthisyear．•“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构•“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,_____________________凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)__________________,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）withhishandstiedbehindhisbackwithwaterheated•(3)_____________________,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）•(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,_________________________.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。•(5)Hestoodforaninstant__________________________.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。withhereyesfixedonhisfacewithhishandstillraisedWiththemattersettledWithmanybrightlycoloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。Exercises1.Isthisthebikewhichyouwishtohave____?A.repaireditB.repairingC.repairD.repairedⅠ.单项选择)2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany(明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司),____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown3.Fromthedates____onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked4.Itwassolargearoomthatahundredpeoplelooked____init.A.losingB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost5.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents____.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry6.With____leaves____intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.A.falling;buryingB.fallen;buriedC.fallen;buryingD.falling;buried7.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking8.Friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan____.A.keptB.tobekeptC.tokeepingD.beingkept9.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known10.Johnrushedoutinahurry,____thedoor____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockingD.toleave;unlocking11.Thegirl____forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.