辽宁省农业干旱时空特征分析(XXXX-5-22)

LiaoningNormalUniversity（2011届）本科生毕业论文(设计)题目：辽宁省农业干旱时空特性分析学院：城市与环境学院专业：水文与水资源工程班级序号：4班6号学号：20071136020021学生姓名：常静指导教师：曹永强2011年5月i目录摘要（关键词）........................................................................................................................1Abstract（Keywords）.............................................................................................................11绪论........................................................................................................................................21.1研究背景及目的..........................................................................................................21.2国内外研究现状..........................................................................................................21.2.1国外研究现状....................................................................................................21.2.2国内研究现状....................................................................................................31.3主要研究内容..............................................................................................................31.4论文的结构框架图......................................................................................................42辽宁省农业干旱概述............................................................................................................52.1农业干旱概述..............................................................................................................52.1.1干旱的概念和分类............................................................................................52.1.2农业干旱及干旱的影响....................................................................................52.1.3农业干旱指标....................................................................................................62.2辽宁省农业干旱概况..................................................................................................72.2.1辽宁省农业干旱的成因（以2000年和2001年为例）................................82.2.2辽宁省农业干旱的特点....................................................................................92.2.3辽宁省农业干旱的分区..................................................................................102.2.4辽宁省农业干旱的影响..................................................................................113理论基础..............................................................................................................................123.1AWTP指数.................................................................................................................123.1.2基本原理..........................................................................................................123.1.2含义..................................................................................................................123.2Morlet小波分析方法.................................................................................................134应用实例..............................................................................................................................144.1时间分布特征............................................................................................................144.2空间变化特征............................................................................................................165结果与讨论..........................................................................................................................18参考文献..................................................................................................................................19致谢..........................................................................................................................................20第1页辽宁省农业干旱时空特性分析摘要：干旱一直是我国及世界农业发展最主要的制约因素之一,在人口增长、农业和工业用水需求量的增大及全球环境变化的大环境下,干旱化趋势还在进一步发展。辽宁省又是农业大省，因此本文对辽宁省农业干旱的时空特征进行分析研究。本文从逐日降水量的角度入手，应用AWTP指数作为划分干旱的标准，选择辽宁省农业干旱为例，据此来分析辽宁干旱的时空分布特征。本研究结论可以为辽宁省相关部门掌握本省乃至各地区干旱特征，从而为进一步制定防旱抗旱对策提供理论依据。关键词：AWTP指数；辽宁省；农业干旱；时空特性Abstract:Droughthasbeenoneofthemostimportantconstraintsinpopulationgrowth,agriculturalandindustrialwaterdemandincreasesandtheenvironmentofglobalenvironmentalchangeinthedevelopmentofagricultureinChinaandtheworld,thedryingtrenddevelopsfurther.LiaoningProvinceisamajoragriculturalprovince,sothistemporalandspatialcharacteristicofagriculturaldroughtwasanalyzed.Fromthestartingpointofdailyprecipitation,applicationAWTPbythedroughtindexasastandard,chooseanexampleofagriculturaldroughtinLiaoningProvince,toanalyzethetemporalandspatialcharacteristicsofdrought.ThisresearchconclusionscanberelateddepartmentfortheprovinceofLiaoningprovinceaswellasrelevantdepartmentsforfurtherdroughtcharacters,thusformulatedtoprovidetheoreticalbasisfordroughtdrought-resistingmeasures.Keywords:AWTPindex；Liaoningprovince；Agriculturaldrought；SpatialandtemporalCharacteristics辽宁省农业干旱时空特性分析第2页1绪论1.1研究背景及目的干旱是世界上绝大部分国家和地区最常见的自然灾害，是指由水分的收支不平衡而形成的缺水现象。全球现有100多个国家处于不同程度的干旱威胁状态下，现有的陆地面积中约33%（4800万2km）为干旱面积。每年因干旱造成的经济损失达到80亿美元，受其影响的地域面积和人口数量居各种自然灾害的首位。据统计，在我国70%的自然灾害为气象灾害，而气象灾害中的50%为干旱灾害，因此干旱的影响面最广，最为严重。旱灾对农业的影响最突出，我国每年因干旱粮食损失最高达30亿kg