中考英语名词总复习课件

知识结构•一名词的意义•二名词的分类•三名词的数•四名词所有格•五重难点突破•六直击中考普通名词专有名词（人名、地名）可数名词不可数名词名词一：可数名词可数名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*abook*anEnglishbook*anhouranhonestboy*ausefulbookflowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes名词的复数形式1.规则变化(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog–dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches*dish–dishes*bus–buses(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/*country–countries*factory–factories*family–families*lady–ladies请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”*boy–boysholiday-holidays*monkey–monkeystoy–toys(4)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”/vz/*half–halves*shelf–shelves*knife–knives*leaf–leaves巧记歌诀：半片（half）树叶（leaf）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀狼（wolf）架后小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡.找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄吃马铃薯和西红柿pianos(5)以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外*piano–pianos*zoo–zoospotato–potatoestomato–tomatoeschild--childrenwoman--womensheepman--men2.不规则变化:(1)变元音字母oo为eetooth–teethfoot–feet(2).变man为menman–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemenfrenchman–Frenchmen请区别:German(德国人)–Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)3没有规律child–childrenmouse–mice(4).特殊形式的名词复数1)单复数同行的名词：sheepdeerfishJapaneseChinese2)常以复数形式出现的名词:peopleclothesshoessockstearstrousersfallsglassesthanks这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.注意：如果强调整体谓语动词用单数，如果强调个体含义谓语动词用复数,避免主谓不一致。*Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。3)常见的集体名词：familyclassteamgrouppolice3.名词的用法1)可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,alotof，some等修饰*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC2)不可数名词的用法物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water，rice，fish，meat等。workchalktimespacemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数，多个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数*Somebread——overthere.*Nonews——goodnews.*Breadandmilk——usedforbreakfastisisare2.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)*twobread(X)*abagofrice*twopiecesofbread3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变*abagofapples*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange注意：有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)1.Pleasegiveme______paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apieceD.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA四.名词所有格：表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.有生命的名词所有格的构成方法1.一般情况下，在名词后加“’s”Kangkang’sfatherLucy’sbook2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可Teachers’officeTheGreens’house3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.表示时间，距离，路程，国家等无生命的事物名词的所有关系今天的报纸today’snewspaper十分钟的路tenminutes’walk世界的人口theworld’spopulation注意：当名词的定语较长时，在有生命的名词后也可以用OF二1）无生命的事物名词所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语。*thecolorofthewall*amapofChina*apictureoftheclassroom1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因1.Ourhospitalneedstwo___doctors,Mrs.Li.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A.womenB.manC.womanD.menD★名词的用法1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsstar*aclothesshop2.Thispairofshorts___tooexpensive.Ican’tafford____.A.are,themB.are,itC.is,themD.is,it当出现“单位+of+名词”时，谓语动词应根据“单位”的单复数决定。Thispairofshoesisnice.比较：Theshoesarenice.Herearetwopiecesofnews.比较：Thenewsiswonderful.重难点突破C3.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold当数词与单位名词一起构成合成形容词做定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.重难点突破C★名词所有格的几个注意点1）可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers’(office）(去老师办公室）5.WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’D6.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s重难点突破D2）表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”*LucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）请区别:Lucy’sandLily’srooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间（两人各有一间房间）7.Lookatthatoldman.Heis____.A.afriendofmyB.afriendofmineC.Ame'sfriendD.amyfriend3）物主代词与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any等词共同修饰名词时，需用双重所有格，其构成为名词+of+名词所有格（或名词性物主代词）B8.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk4）名词所有格（’s）也可以用于无生命东西，主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后twomonths’vacationamile’sdistance此表达可以和合成形容词互换twomonths’vacation=two-monthvacationamile’sdistance=a-miledistance重难点突破A1.Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry.（2011年重庆中考第24题）A.appl