中考英语语法总复习大全第一篇词法之介词

1第一篇词法六、介(一)介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他aboutaboutfiveo'clockaboutfivekilometres关于、涉talkaboutyouaboveabovesealevelacross横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreetafteraftersupperoneafteranother追赶runafteryouagainstagainstthewall,againstthewindbeagainstyouamong三者以amongthetrees2atattenattheschoolgateathighspeedatmebeforebeforelunchsitbeforemebehindbehindthetreebelowbelowzerobelowthestandardby到……时刻，在……时刻之前byfiveo'clocksitebysitebyair,bybickwasmadebyusduring在……期间duringtheholidaysfor3forfiveyearsleaveforShanghai为了，对于begoodforyoufromfrommorningtillnightfromNewYork由某原料制成bemadefromwhereareyoufromininaweekintheroominEnglish穿着inredintowalkinto除divideintoturnintowaternearnearfiveyearsneartheparkofbemadeofamapofU.S.Aon某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoononthedesk靠吃……为生liveonriceabookonPhysics4overworkovernight在上方overthedesk超过，overfivepairspasttenpastfivewalkpasttheparksincesince1980Sinceyouwereillthroughthroughhislifethroughtheforesttilluntiltillfiveo'clocktofivetotentoShanghaifacetoface给予giveabooktomeunderunderthedeskunderten在……管制之下undertherulewithwithapen带着，具有withme5withoutwithoutair(二)［误］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正］Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。［误］Don'tsleepatdaytime［正］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter［误］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th［误］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［正］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at［误］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在具体年岁前用at,如：attheageof12，atyourage，［误］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［正］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］具体某一天要用介词on,又如：onNewYear'sDay［误］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。［误］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［正］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.6［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为整整，全部的时间。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.since则是表达主句［误］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加动名词表示一……就。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing…一听见，onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)［误］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend＝atlast是指最终，终于［误］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［正］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为不迟于某一时刻将工作做完，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.［误］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要与完成时连用，而ago［误］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态［误］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［正］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in7［误］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after在时间词前，而later［误］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind［误］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］树上长出的果实，树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.［误］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.［误］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［正］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage［误］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage［误］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.［正］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.［析］在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.［误］ThisweekendI'llstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailor'sshop(裁缝店)＝atatailor's,atthedoctor's8(去看病)atthebookseller's(在书店)atuncleWang's(在王叔叔家)［误］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on［误］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSep