20世纪的中国人类古生物学研究与展望

©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,100044)2060,,,20,,,:19992032021903(K.A.Haberer)(M.Schlosser),,,20,,1949,(,1989),,60,,,70,,,311926(J.Andersson),,1891,;,,1929,©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(H.Breuil),(,1985),301959õ(M.Leakey)(OlduvaiGorge)170,100,1935(G.H.R.vonKoenigswald)(F.Weidenreich)IV,1945,,,,(,1962)1952305,,,,,,1956,,,,1998,1999(),,,,J.Goodall60(),,,,,,1965SimonsPilbeam,20195651975,66118©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1987)1967WilsonSarich500,,80500700800,,1986,,,,,(),70,300,300,19941995440400(1995),(,1998a),,,,,,,,,21921,1963,,1965,,19761977161179163164,,,,,7613:20©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(167),1998(ESR)110(),150160(),,;,,150160,110(,1998),,100(,1998)199720019981999,200,(,1999),,,20020019851986,Ciochon,1995(Nature)(Huangetal.,1995),(LarickandCiochon,1996)(Wolpoff,1996;SchwartzandTattersall,1996;1996,EtlerandZhou,1998;Pope,1998),(B.Wood),200,33111949,,,,(,1989)(,1978;,1990)(,1990;Wu,1996),,,86118©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,1961;,1998),,,(Steinheim),,,,,,(,1998b),,,,,,,,,,,5,,,,,,(,1996;,1999),,410,10,,,9613:20©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,1998b),,(WuandPoirier,1995),(,1998)312,,;,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;;,,,,,,,,,20,,,,,,07118©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1990),,,,,(,1996;,1997),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,313,,;,,?,,ö(GrovesandLahr,1994),,,,,1713:20©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,1999),,DNA,,(,1999),,,,,,,,3,;,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,200410,,,,,,27118©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(4):315319..1996..,15(4):320323.,,.1997..,16(2):94120..1998..,17(1):121..1962..,146,11.194..1987..,6(4):265271.,,.1989..:,1437..1990..,9(4):312321..1998a..:...:,161181..1998b..,17(4):276282.,.1978..:..:,2841.,,.1999..:().,.1991..,10(3):194199.,.1991..,10(4):273277..1998..:..:,135142.,,.1996.ESR,15(2):114118.,,.1984..,3(3):259269..1996..,15(1):120..1999..,18(3):176214..1998..,17(4):247254.,GrnR.1998..,17(3):165170.,.1985..,168,12.1422.EtlerD,ZhouG.1998.AsianfossilsandAfricanorigins.In:AbstractsforthePaleoanthropologySocietyMeetings,Seattle.USA1998.In:JHumEvol,34(3)A6.GrovesCP,LahrMM.1994.Abushnotaladder:speciationandreplacementinhumanevolution.In:Freedmanetaleds.PerspectivesinHumanBiology.No.4,111.TheCentreforHumanBiologyTheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Nedlands.HuangW,CiochonR,GuYetal.1995.EarlyHomoandassociatedartefactsfromAsia.Nature,378:275278.LarickR,CiochonRL.1996.TheAfricanemergenceandearlyAsiandispersalsofthegenusHomo.AmSci,84:538551.PopeGG.1998.ThehominidsfromtheFarEast.In:RaathMAetaleds.AbstractsofContributionstotheDualCongress1998,Johanesburg.30.SchwartzJH,TattersallI.1996.Whoseteeth?Nature,381:201202.WuXinzhi.1992.TheoriginanddispersalofanatomicallymodernhumansinAsiaandSoutheastAsia.In:AkazawaTetaleds.TheEvolutionandDispersalofModernHumansinAsia.Tokyo:Hokusen2sha,373378.WuXinzhi.1996.ThemosaicevolutionofhumankindinChina.In:GloverICetaleds.Indo2PacificPrehistory:TheChiangMaiPapersVol.2,225-228.BulletinofIndo2PacificPrehistoryAssociation15.WuXinzhi,PoirierFE.1995.HumanEvolutioninChinaAMorphometricDescriptionofFossilsandReviewofSites.NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.238240.3713:20©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(InstituteofVertebratePaleontologyandPaleoanthropology,AcademiaSinicaBeijing100044)Abstract1ChangesofthepositionofChinesefossilsintheearlyhistoryofhominidSinanthropuspekinensishadbeenoneoftheearliesthominidsfrom1931through1959.In1931theartefactsunearthedfromSinanthropussitewereadmitedbyBreuil,theauthorityofthePaleolithicstudy.In1959,thediscoveryofZinjanthropusandassociatedartefactsmadethehistoricalrecordofman2madetoolextendedto1175Ma.GigantopithecushadbeensuggestedastheancestorofPithecanthropuserectusandSinanthropuspekinensisin1940sbyF.Weidenreich.Butthisproposalhasnotbeencommonlyacceptedinpaleoanthropologicalcircle.In1965,SimonsandPilbeamproposedtheRamapithecusbelongingtohominidandfiveteethofDryopithecusfoundin1956atKaiyuan,Yunnan,southwesternChinawereincludedinthecircleofearliesthominid.SoChinabecameoneofthecandidateareasofhumancradle.Since1975manyRamapithecusfossilsincluding5skullsandotherpiecesofbonehavebeenunearthedfromLufeng,Yunnan.TheimportanceofChinesefossilsinthestudyofhumanoriginincreased.In1980s,Lufengpithecuswasexcludedfromthehumancircle,Chinesefossilsarenolongerconsideredasapartofhu