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[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.[析]表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。[误]Youhavefewnewbooks,haven'tyou?[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou?[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少,几乎没有),afew(有一些,几个);修饰不可数名词的有little(很少,几乎没有),alittle(有一点,有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。[误]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为十分,相当,所以。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.[误]Doyouwanttohavemanybread?[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread?[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some。其次是some可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。[误]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis?[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时,这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式,如:ashoeshop鞋店afruitshop水果店abookshop书店apostoffice邮局apolicestation警察局abusstop汽车站[误]Heisweakatphysics.[正]Heisweakinphysics.[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething,而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。[误]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.[析]beworth后可接动、名词表达值得作某事,又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。[误]Don'tafraidofthat.[正]Don'tbeafraidofthat.[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有:beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心becertainof有把握,确定besureof确信begladof高兴besickof厌恶befondof喜欢[误]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.[误]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.[误]Look.Herecomeshe![正]Look!Herehecomes![误]Look!Herethebuscomes![正]Look!Herecomesthebus![析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。[误]Sheismyoldersister.[正]Sheismyeldersister.[析]elder和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older,oldest则是指岁数大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.[误]I'mtired.Ican'tgofurther.[正]I'mtired.Ican'tgofarther.[析]far有两个比较级farther较远的,further进一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.[误]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用。[误]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notalready.[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?-No,notyet.[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still。要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如:Westillcan'tdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如:Heisstillhere.[误]HeisveryhigherthanIam.[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.[析]much可以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,如:I'mverytired.[误]-CanIwalktothestation?-You'dbetternot.Itisveryfar.[正]-CanIwalktothestation?-You'dbetternot,Itisalongway.[析]for一般用在疑问句与否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisn'tfar.[误]I'veeverbeentoAmerica.[正]I'vebeentoAmericaonce.[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?[误]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,Iamnotafraidso.[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime?-No,I'mafraidnot.[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/I'mafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,Idon'tthinkso而在hope,belive与afraid后则常用not,如:Ihopenot.[误]Shedidn'tworkenoughhard,soshecouldn'tpasstheexam.[正]Shedidn'tworkhardenough,soshecouldn'tpasstheexam.[析]enough可以作名词用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)词,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。[误]Youcan'tbeverycareful.[正]Youcan'tbetoocareful.[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是太……以至于不能作某事。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那对我来讲是太贵了。[误]Heisgoodpastfifty.[正]Heiswellpastfifty.[析]well作为副词用时除用于好之外还有大大地、远远地,等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;Heiswell.Heisgood.其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同。Heiswell是他身体不错,而Heisgood则为他是个好人。[误]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.[析]在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly,almost,exactly…等置as之前。[误]HeissameageasTom.[正]HeisthesameageasTom.[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。[误]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.*like作为介词,其意为像,应用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加宾语。而alike是形容词,或副词,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。[误]Whoistallerofthetwo?[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo?[析]两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。[误]IhavelessbooksthanTom.[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。[误]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.[析]在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级。[误]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词,这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.[误]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.[析]英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more,这样的用法是:moreandmore加形容词,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.[误]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.[析]在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to
本文标题:中学英语词法,句法错误辨析
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