专升本英语考试试题及答案1

1EnglishExaminationPaperPartIReadingComprehensionPassageOneAntarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation—auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld’senvironment.S1Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasadistantearlywarningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet—aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe“east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick.“West”ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious“dryvalley”ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictorialand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescend9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulders(大圆石)sculpturedintofantasticshapesby100mileanhourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievethattheymaycarryamessageofhopefortheverdant(草木繁茂的)partsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.1.Antarcticaisscientificallyimportantinthat____.A)itisaspacestationB)itisanidealplacefortheinvestigationofglaciologyC)thereisthemysteriousdryvalleyD)itcanhelppeopledetectglobalenvironmentalchanges2.Thereasonforthedisappearanceofglaciersinthedryvalleyis____.A)thatthey’vedescendedtotheRossseaB)thatthey’vebeenblastedoutbyviciouswindsC)theglobalwarmingtrendeversincetheiceageD)thatthey’vebeenchangedintogorges,sanddunesandboulders3.WhentheauthorcallsAntarctica“distantearlywarningsensor”,heactuallymeansthat____.A)suchequipmenthasbeensetupforscientificpurposeB)theresearchgroupstherearelikesuchkindofsensors2C)potentialglobalchangescanbeseenonAntarcticafirstD)Antarcticaisremotefromotherpartsoftheearth4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothearticle?A)ThereisaclusterofislandwestoftheTransantarticMountain.B)ScientificresearchonAntarcticaonlycentersontheiceandsnowthere.C)Dryvalleysmaybeaplacetodisposeofourpollutants.D)AllthecountriesonearthshouldbeconcernedaboutthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet.5.Theword“spotted”(2ndparagraph)canbestbereplacedby____.A)placedB)noticedC)fixedD)judgedPassageTwoTheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrow-mindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials(文凭)thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.”Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapingan“integratedcore”ofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudents“toessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfouryeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatethemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure(终身任期),promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultysaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”6.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”(lines2,Para.Ⅰ),itaimsto____.A)satisfytheneedsofallkin