【名师指津】2012年高考英语写作基础技能步步高01句子成分1主谓宾

写作离不开句子,要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语,其中主语与谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。一、主语主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。练习:请找出下列句子的主语。1.TheboycomesfromAmerica.(___________________)2.Heusuallywenttoschoolalone.(___________________)He代词作主语。Theboy名词作主语。3.StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.(_______________________________)4.Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.(_______________________________)Toteachhimalesson不定式短语作主语StudyingEnglish动名词短语作主语。5.Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.(____________________________)6.Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.(____________________________)it形式主语tohaveourdreams不定式短语作真正的主语。Thathewontheprize主语从句作主语。7.Itisobviousthathewaswrong.(_________________________________)8.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(_________________________________)it形式主语,cryingoverspiltmilk动名词短语作真正的主语。it形式主语,thathewaswrong主语从句作真正的主语。主语一般由名词、_________________,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括______、______还有________)。另外,当句子的主语为__________、__________或_________时,主语部分太长,为使句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语。主语从句主格代词(I、she等)不定式动名词主语从句动名词短语不定式短语二、谓语谓语说明主语的动作(即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语动词充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外,谓语总是位于主语的后面,谓语”。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语,助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式?1.Hisparentsareteachers.(_______________________)2.Thesunrisesintheeast.(_______________________)rises实义动词。areteachers系动词+表语。3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(______________________________)4.Yououghttoworkharder.(______________________________)oughttowork情态动词+动词原形。havefinished助动词+动词的过去分词。5.Ifeltcold.(___________________________)6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.(___________________________)doesn’tlike助动词+动词原形。feltcold连系动词+表语。三、宾语宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me,her等),或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语,间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做,直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下,宾语都在动词后面,顺序是:主语→谓语→宾语。练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。1.Hehasnevermetherinperson.(____________________________)2.Shehandedhimabook.(________________________________)3.Helikestoplaybasketball.(________________________________)toplaybasketball不定式短语作宾语。her宾格代词作宾语。him宾格代词作间接宾语,abook名词作直接宾语。4.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.(________________________________)5.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.(_________________________________)thatshefeltsick宾语从句作宾语。listeningtothemusic动名词短语作宾语。6.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.(________________________________)7.Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.(_________________________________)it形式宾语,不定式短语tobelieveheranylonger作真正的宾语。theinjured名词化的形容词作宾语。8.Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.(________________________________)9.Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.(________________________________)it形式宾语,宾语从句thatheshouldhavedonethat作真正的宾语。it形式宾语,gettinguplate动名词短语作真正宾语。当句子的宾语为__________、___________、或_________时,常用形式宾语it,以保持句子的平衡。宾语从句不定式短语动名词短语