智慧城市的概念-支撑技术及应用-李德仁

444(4):313-323201212JOURNALOFENGINEERINGSTUDIESDec.,2012收稿日期:2012−05−14;修回日期:2012−09−04基金项目:973(2010CB731801);863(2009AA121404);(N0.61172174);作者简介:(1939−),,,,,,E-mail:[e-mail](1984−),,,()E-mail:[e-mail](1976−),,,,,E-mail:[e-mail]:10.3724/SP.J.1224.2012.00313智慧城市的概念、支撑技术及应用李德仁1,2，姚远1，邵振峰21.4300792.430079摘要首先介绍了从数字城市到智慧城市的发展趋势，阐述了智慧城市的概念及其相关支撑技术，探讨了智慧城市的内涵：在数字城市建立的基础框架上，通过物联网将现实世界与数字世界进行有效融合，由云计算中心处理其中海量和复杂的计算，为城市管理和公众服务提供更智能化的服务。总结了智慧城市的特征，归纳了智慧城市在当前城市建设中可开展的应用，并指出智慧城市的建设可以为城市提供更智能化的服务和更安全的技术保障，同时，剖析了智慧城市中存在的信息组织无序、安全、共享及产权等问题，并从标准、法律、技术和应用等方面提出了有效的对策，为智慧城市的建设提供可靠和有效的探索，最后展望了更加安全、高效的智慧城市美好前景。关键词智慧城市；数字城市；物联网；云计算；智能服务中图分类号TP79文献标识码A文章编号1674-4969(2012)04-0313-111智慧城市概念1.12009IBMInternationalBusinessMachinesCorporation[1]200911IPInternetProtocol[2]工程科学与技术314,4(4):313-323(2012)1.2RadioFrequencyIdentificationRFIDIP2智慧城市的支撑技术2.11998[3][4]315[5][6]12006Nature2020Vision[7][8][9]2PBPetaByte3[10]4[7]5WebService1[11]图1集成数字正射影像、数字高程模型、可量测实景影像和电子地图的数字城市框架示例2.2199920051117InternationalTelecommunicationUnionITUITU2005[12]316,4(4):313-323(2012)1999[13]WirelessWorldResearchForumWWRF200662017770[14][15]ITIT2图2基于物联网的智慧城市的一般架构3172.3[16][17]1InfrastructureasaServiceIaaS2PlatformasaServicePaaS3SoftwareasaServiceSaaSOpenRS2CloudOpenRS2Cloud[18]OpenRS2-Cloud图3基于云计算的OpenRS2Cloud平台3智慧城市的特征12318,4(4):313-323(2012)1RFID2343454当前智慧城市可开展的应用4.14.24.2.1200970604“”319图4城市网格化智能透明管理流程示例4.2.2530%20%10%~15%[19]4.2.364.3320,4(4):313-323(2012)图5智能交通示意图图6智能个人应用示意图4.471PM2.5ParticulateMatter2.523213CCDChargeCoupledDevice4GPS/DRGlobalPositionSystem/DeadReckon5图7基于多传感器的城市综合移动环境监测系统5存在的问题与对策5.11234322,4(4):313-323(2012)55.25.2.15.2.25.2.35.2.46总结与展望323参考文献[1]PalmisanoSJ.CEOsDeliverRemarksontheEconomyandStimulusPackage[EB/OL].(2009-01-28)[2012-08-08].[2],,.[J].:,2010,35(2):127−132.[3]GoreA.TheDigitalEarth:UnderstandingOurPlanetinthe21stCentury[EB/OL].(1998-01-31)[2012-08-08].=6210.[4].[J].,2000,18(4):20−24.[5],.[J].F:,2009,39(6):579−587.[6]GoodchildMF,GuoHD,AnnoniA,etal.Next-genera-tionDigitalEarth[J].ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA.2012,109(28):11088−11094.[7]ButlerD.2020Computing:Everything,Everywhere[J].Nature,2006,440(7083):402−405.[8]vanZylTL,SimonisI,McFerrenG,.TheSensorWeb:SystemsofSensorSystems[J].InternationalJournalofDigitalEarth,2009,2(1):16−30.[9],.[J].,2005,30(4):9−11.[10]GruenA.Reality-basedGenerationofVirtualEnviron-mentsforDigitalEarth[J].InternationalJournalofDigitalEarth,2008,1(1):88−106.[11]ShaoZF,LiDR.ImageCitySharingPlatformandItsTypicalApplications[J].ScienceinChina(SeriesF:InformationSciences),2011,54(8):1738−1746.[12]ITU.ITUInternetReports2005:theInternetofThings[R].Tunis:ITU,2005:11.[13],,.[J].,2011,9(6):1−5.[14]UusitaloMA.GlobalVisionsfortheFutureWirelessWorldfromtheWWRF[J].IEEEVehicularTechnologyMagazine,2006,1(2):4−8.[15]GoodchildMF.CitizensasVoluntarySensors:SpatialDataInfrastructureintheWorldofWeb2.0[J].InternationalJournalofSpatialDataInfrastructuresResearch,2007,2:24−32.[16].[J].:,2010,22(6):698−702.[17]BarrosoLA,DeanJ,HölzleU.WebSearchforaPlanet:theGoogleClusterArchitecture[J].IEEEMicro,2003,23(2):22−28.[18],,,.[J].,2009,26(9):3428−3431.[19].[M].:,2010:1052−1068.TheConcept,SupportingTechnologiesandApplicationsofSmartCityLiDeren1,2,YaoYuan1,ShaoZhenfeng2(1.SchoolofRemoteSensingandInformationEngineering,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,China;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofInformationEngineeringinSurveying,MappingandRemoteSensing,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430079,China)Abstract:Firstly,thetrendofdevelopmentfromDigitalCitytoSmartCityisintroduced.Theconceptofsmartcityanditskeysupportingtechnologiesaredescribedaswell.Then,wediscusstheintrinsicmeaningofSmartCity:basedonthebasicframeworkestablishedbyDigitalCity,efficientintegrationoftherealworldanddigitalworldthroughtheInternetofThingsandmassiveandcomplexcalculationsbycloudcomputingcenterprovidemoreintelligentservicesforcitymanagementandpublicservices.Furthermore,majorcharacteristicsofSmartCityaresummarizedandseveralrelatedapplicationsareputintopractice.AllofthoseapplicationsprovethatSmartCitycouldprovidemoreintelligentservicesandsecurertechnicalsupport.Meanwhile,weanalyzethedisorganizedinformation,security,sharingandpropertyrightsissuesthatstillexistintheSmartCity.Inaddition,thispaperprovideseffectivecountermeasuresfromaspectsofstandards,laws,technologyandapplications,andmakesreliableandefficientexplorationfortheconstructionoftheSmartCity.Finally,aprospectofpromisingfutureofSmartCityispresented.Keywords:SmartCity;DigitalCity;InternetofThings;cloudcomputing;intelligentservice