GIS复习题

1Chapter1IntroductionPartⅠ：ExplanationofTerms1.GIS:Computersystemforcapturingstoringqueryinganalyzinganddisplayinggeographicallyreferenceddata.地理信息系统(GIS)是用于输入、存储、查询、分析和显示地理参照数据的计算机系统。2.Geographicallyreferenceddata:Alsocalledgeospatialdata,describebothlocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeatures.地理参照数据又称地理空间数据,描述空间要素的位置和特征3.Attrbutedata：描述空间要素特征的数据4.SpatialData：描述空间要素几何特征的数据5.Discretefeatures：指观测值不连续的要素，形成分离的实体，并可单个地识别。6.Continuousfeatures：指观测值连续的要素PartⅡ：ShortAnswer1.Definegeographicallyreferenceddata.定义地理参照数据Geographicallyreferenceddataaredatathatdescribeboththelocationsandcharacteristicsofspatialfeaturessuchasroads,landparcels,andvegetationstandsontheEarth’ssurface.2.Definespatialdataandattributedata.定义空间数据和属性数据Spatialdatadescribethelocationsofspatialfeatures,whichmaybediscreteorcontinuous.Attributedatadescribethecharacteristicsofspatialfeatures.3.Explainthedifferencebetweenvectordataandrasterdata.解释矢量数据和栅格数据之间的不同Vectordatausepointsandtheirx-,y-coordinatestorepresentspatialfeaturesofpoints,lines,andareas.Rasterdatauseagridandgridcellstorepresentthespatialvariationofafeature.4.Explainthedifferencebetweenthegeorelationaldatamodelandtheobject-baseddatamodel.解释地理相关数据模型和基于对象数据模型之间的不同Thegeorelationaldatamodelusesasplitsystemtostorespatialdataandattributedata.Theobject-baseddatamodelstoresspatialdataandattributedatainasinglesystem.5.Howdoesdataexplorationdifferfromdataanalysis?数据探查与数据分析有何不同Dataexplorationinvolvestheactivitiesofexploringthegeneraltrendsinthedata,takingacloselookatdatasubsets,andfocusingonpossiblerelationshipsbetweendatasets,whereasdataanalysisusesGIScommandstoperformoperationsondata.PartⅢ：Single-choice1.(TorF)GISsoftwareisonlyoneofthecomponentsofaGIS.①True√②False2.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisadiscretefeature?①Precipitation②Elevation③Roads√④Noneoftheabove3.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesisacontinuousfeature?①Precipitation②Elevation③Landuse④Alloftheabove⑤aandbonly√4.Vectordataarebettersuitedforrepresenting__________featuresandrasterdataarebettersuitedforrepresenting__________features.①continuous,discrete②discrete,continuous√5.(TorF)OnecanusebothvectordataandrasterdatainaGISproject.①True√②False6.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?2①ThegeodatabasedatamodelisthenewdatamodelintroducedinArcGIS.②Thegeodatabasedatamodelusesobject-orientedtechnology.③ThegeodatabasedatamodelisbuiltonArcObjects.④Noneoftheabove√7.Whichofthefollowingrepresentscompositefeatures?①Polygons②TINs√③Lines④Noneoftheabove8.Onewouldnormallybeginwith________inaGISproject:①datadisplay②databaseconstruction√③dataanalysis④dataexploration9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?①Shapefilesaretopology-basedbutcoveragesarenot.②Coveragesaretopology-basedbutshapefilesarenot.√③Bothshapefilesandcoveragesaretopology-based.10.WhichisthesimplestversionofArcGIS?①ArcView√②ArcEditor③ArcInfo11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?①ArcToolboxisavailableinbothArcCatalogandArcMap.√②ArcToolboxisonlyavailableinArcMap.③ArcToolboxisonlyavailableinArcCatalog.④Noneoftheabove12.WhichofthefollowingapplicationsinArcGISDesktopisdesignedfordatamanagement?①ArcMap②ArcCatalog√13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheSpatialAnalystextensiontoArcGIS?①TheextensionisavailableinbothArcCatalogandArcMap.②TheextensionisonlyavailableinArcMap.√③TheextensionisonlyavailableinArcCatalog.14.Toopenthecontextmenuofadataset,oneshould______thedataset:①highlight②right-click√③left-clickChapter2CoordinateSystemsPartⅠ：ExplanationofTermsMapProjections：ProjectingfromthesphericalshapeoftheEarthtotheplanarshapeofthemapPartⅡ：ShortAnswer1.WhyisthedatumimportantinGIS?大地基准在GIS中的重要性何在？AdatumisimportantinGISbecauseitservesasthereferenceorbaseforcalculatingthegeographiccoordinatesofalocation.2.Explaintheimportanceofmapprojection.解释地图投影的重要性Amapprojectionoffersacoupleofadvantages.First,amapprojectionallowsustousetwo-dimensionalmaps,eitherpaperordigital,insteadofaglobe.Second,amapprojectionallowsustoworkwithplaneorprojectedcoordinatesratherthanlongitudeandlatitudevalues.Computationswithgeographiccoordinatesaremorecomplexandyieldlessaccuratedistancemeasurements.PartⅢ：Single-choice1.(TorF)AlllayerstobeusedtogetherinaGISoperationshouldbebasedonthesamecoordinatesystem.3①True√②False2.Mapprojectionisaprocessofconvertingfrom①athree-dimensionalsurfacetoatwo-dimensionalsurface.√②atwo-dimensionalsurfacetoathree-dimensionalsurface.③atwo-dimensionalsurfacetoatwo-dimensionalsurface.④noneoftheabove.3.Aconformalprojectionpreservesthepropertyof:①relativesize②localshapes√③distances④noneoftheabove4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutNorthAmericanDatum(NAD)?①NAD83isanewerdatumthanNAD27.②NAD83isbasedonasatellite-determinedspheroid.③MapsbasedonNAD83canregisterspatiallywithmapsbasedonNAD27.④Alloftheabove⑤Onlyaandb√5.(TorF)WhenconvertedfromNAD27toNAD83,horizontalshiftsofpointpositionsintheconterminousUnitedStatescanbeasmuchas100meters(328ft).①True√②False6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutameridianwithascalefactorof1?①Themeridianmustbeastandardmeridian.②Thereisnoprojectiondistortionalongthemeridian.③hemeridianmustb