Lecture13衔接手段与翻译.

第十三章衔接手段与翻译策略——以专业八级汉译英试题为例13.1英语中五种衔接手段（ThefivecohesivedevicesinEnglish）1.reference(照应)2.substitution(替代)3.ellipsis(省略)4.conjunction(连接)5.lexicalcohesion:reiteration,collocation(词汇衔接:复现关系、搭配关系)（1）在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。（2）人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。（3）这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。（4）开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。（5）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（6）愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。（7）于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。（8）这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。（9）第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。13.1.1重复和替代（Repetitionandsubstitution）*InChineserepetitionisoftenusedtoachievecohesion*InEnglishsubstitutionismoreoftenused.e.g.1.他在这时来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。2.那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。1.HecameatatimewhenIleastexpectedhim.2.Itwasoneofthosecold,weteveningswhenmostpeoplestayindoors.3…饿了吃糠甜加蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。3.…asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,andwhenyouareinhungerchafftastessweetashoney.(s)3….asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,whenchafftastessweetashoney.(referenceversion)Castironshouldnotbethoughtofasametalcontainingasingleelement,butrather,asonehavinginitscompositionatleastsixelements.我们不应该把铸铁看成是只含单一元素的金属，而应该注意到这种金属至少含六种元素。13.1.2Ellipsis省略A.Theellipsisofverbse.g.1.Readingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.(F.Bacon)Version:读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。(王佐良译）2.他们忘记了少数服从多数，下级服从上级，局部服从全体，全党服从中央的民主集中制。（毛泽东）Theyforgetthesystemofdemocraticcentralisminwhichtheminorityissubordinatetothemajority,thelowerleveltothehigherlevel,theparttothewholeandtheentiremembershiptotheCentralCommittee.2004（7）于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。S1.Consequently,delightchangestoanger;praiseschangestoblame;andnoddingheadchangestoshakinghead.S2.Therefore,happinessturnsintoanger,praisesintocriticism,andhead-noddingintohead-shaking.2004（7）于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraisestocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.B.TheellipsisofnounsTheellipsisofnounsismorecommoninChinesethaninEnglish.（4）(你）开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。（5）（你）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（6）（你）愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。（7）于是（你）转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。e.g.开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。S1.Startingtoeatthefirstdish,impressionisgood.It’salsoverydeliciouswheneatingthefirsttwomaindishes.S2.Whenwebeginwiththefirstcourseortheappetizer,weareverypositivelyimpressed.Whenwecontinuewiththefirsttwomaincourses,wearealsofullofpraisesforthedishes.e.g.开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。Referenceversion:Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.13.1.3连接Conjunction注：英语注重形合(Hypotaxis)，汉语注重意合(Parataxis)。e.g.（2）人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。S1.Humanbeingsareinteresting.Whenitisthefirsttimeyoumeetaperson,youonlynoticehisorhermerits.S2.Peopleareinteresting,forwhenfirstmeetingsomebody,theyusuallyfocusonhisorherstrongpoints.√e.g.（2）人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。Referenceversion:Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtofirstseegoodinanewacquaintance.(6)愈吃愈趋于平静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。S1.Yetthemoreweate,thesobererwebecome.Drawbacksareallfoundoutrightafterthebanquet.S2.Yetwebecomelessandlessenthusiasticaswecontinuetoeat;andwhenthedinnerisover,alltheshortcominghavebeenfoundout.(6)愈吃愈趋于平静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。Referenceversion:However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.13.2Foreignizationordomestication(异化还是归化)/literaltranslationorfreetranslation(直译还是意译):achoicee.g.（7）转首肯为摇头。Literaltranslation:Noddingapprovalwillgivewaytohead-shaking.Freetranslation:1.Approvalwillgivewaytodisapproval.2.Positiveviewswillgivewaytonegativeviews.饿了吃糠甜加蜜。Alienation:Inhungeronecantastehoneyinchaff.Domestication:Hungeristhebestsauce.新盖的茅房三天香。Alienation:Anewly-builtlatrinesmellssweetinthefirst3days.Or:Freshairdoesn’tlastlonginanewlatrine.Domestication:Familiaritybreedscontempt.Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtofirstseegoodinanewacquaintance.Thisislikedininginarestaurant.Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedinnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraisestocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.Whataccountsforallthisis,inthefirstplace,youarehungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Asthesayinggoes,“Hungeristhebestsauce”,andviceversa.Andsecondly,unfamiliarity,ratherthanfamiliarity,breedsfreshnessinyouwhenyoustarttoeatinarestaurantnewtoyou,whichistheso-calledeffectofunfamiliarization.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:在义与利之外（周国平）“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”中国人的人生哲学总是围绕着义利二字打转。可是，假如我既不是君子，也不是小人呢？曾经有过一个人皆君子言必称义的时代，当时或许有过大义灭利的真君子，但更常见的是借义逐利的伪君子和假义真信的迂君子。那个时代过去了。曾几何时，世风剧变，义的信誉一落千丈，真君子销声匿迹，伪君子真相毕露，迂君子豁然开窍，都一窝峰奔利而去。据说观念更新，义利之辨有了新解，原来利并非小人的专利，倒是做人的天经地义。“时间就是金钱！”这是当今曾经的一句时髦口号。企业家以之鞭策生产，本无可非议。但世人把它奉为指导人生的座右铭，用商业精神取代人生智慧，结果就使自己的人生成了种企业，使人际关系成了一个市场。我曾经嘲笑廉价的人情味。如今，连人情味也变得昂贵而罕见了。试问，不花钱你可以买到一个微笑，一句问候，一丁点儿恻隐之心？……“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”中国人的人生哲学总是围绕着义利二字打转。可是，假如我既不是君子，也不是小人呢？＂Avirtuousmanisconcernedwithrighteo