微藻生物柴油技术的研究现状及展望

ChinaBiotechnology,2010,30(2):134214031,211133(12640032100049),,Q945.11;TK6:2009209229:20092112183(30870247,30670165)(KZCX22YW2209)33,:[e-mail]18,(),,21,,,,,,,,[126],1,,:[1](1),1,,1Fig.1Aconceptualprocessforproducingmicroalgaloilforbiodiesel2,,()[2]()()()()[325](1),(),()[2,7212]2010,30(2):1[325]Table1Oilcontentofsomemicroalgae(drywt)MicroalgaeOilcontentBotryococcusbraunii25%75%Chlorellasp.28%32%Crypthecodiniumcohnii20%Cylindrothecasp.16%37%Dunaliellaprimolecta23%Dunaliellasalina14%20%Dunaliella.tertiolecta36%42%Isochrysissp.25%33%Monallanthussalina20%Nannochlorissp.20%35%Nannochloropsissp.31%68%Neochlorisoleoabundans35%65%Nitzschiasp.45%47%Phaeodactylumtricornutum20%30%Scenedesmusdimorphus16%40%Scenedesmusobliquus35%55%Schizochytriumsp.50%77%Tetraselmissueica15%23%Thalassiosirapseudonana21%31%3:,()[9212],(),[4,7,9,13](),,,,,[10],,,,4,[9],,(=):4.1,()[9],4.1.1[11][14][13,15][10,16][8][17],;pH[18][19][20][21],;[7,10,14,22],[14],[23224],[9,11,25],,4.1.2,,,,,4.2,,,[9,12,26]:(1);(2)(2),,[9],TAG:(1)AA531ChinaBiotechnologyVol.30No.22010(ACC),;(2)(FAS);(3)TAG(GPATLPATDGAT)TAG:(1)(ACLME);(2)PEPCPEP(PEPC)2(TAG)Fig.2ThefattyacidandTAGbiosynthesis,,4.2.1A(ACC):ACC,ACCACC1990RoesslerCyclotellacryptica[27],Dunahay[28229]C.crypticaNaviculasaprophila,ACC23,,ACC,ACC12,6%[30]E.coliBL21ACC4accAaccBaccCaccD,6,[31],ACC:(1)ACC;(2),,ACC[9],ACCA:(DGAT):DGATTAGDGATTAG,:DGAT,TAG,DGATTAG[9]:DGAT(ME):MENADP+NADPH,MENADPHTAG[32](ACL):ACLA,A,ACL[9]4.2.2PEPCPEP:,ACCPEPC[33]:PEPC(PEP),PEP,;PEPC(PEP),PEPC:(1):6.4%18%[33];(2):[34];(3):PEPC,PEPC[35]2:2,,TAG[36],,TAGCao[37]2(),;Picataggio[38],,6312010,30(2):TAG,,[9],,,,5[6,11,24]:()()(3),[11]3(a)(b)Fig.3Themasscultureofmicroalgae(a)Aracewaypond(b)Atubularphotobioreactor[1,3,526,11,24,39,40],,,,,(pH),;,,,[9,11,25],,6,(0.11.0g/L),,,[39,40],,,Brennan[24][40],,,;,77.122,(TAG),,,4,R1R2R34Fig.4Transesterificationofoiltobiodiesel[41243]:()CO2(CO2)()()();[30,41]:;;2;2;731ChinaBiotechnologyVol.30No.2201022[41],,[42],,,,[44],,7.2,,[40,45]:,;,,,;,(),;,,,[45],,,8,,::CO29;[6];,,;,,,,2090,,,,,[1]YusufChisti.Biodieselfrommicroalgaebeatsbioethanol.TrendsinBiotechnology,2008,26(3):1262131.[2]QiangHu,MiltonSommerfeld,EricJarvis,etal.Microalgaltriacylglycerolsasfeedstocksforbiofuelproduction:perspectivesandadvances.ThePlantJournal,2008,54:6212639.[3]YusufChisti.Biodieselfrommicroalgae.BiotechnologyAdvances,2007,25:2942306.[4]LuisaGouveia,AnaCristinaOliveira.Microalgaeasarawmaterialforbiofuelsproduction.JournalofIndustrialMicrobiologyandBiotechnology,2009,36:2692274.[5],,,..,2009,29(7):1182126.XiaJL,WanMX,WangRM,etal.ChinaBiotechnology,2009,29(7):1182126.[6]MatthewNCampbell.Biodiesel:Algaeasarenewablesourceforliquidfuel.GuelphEngineeringJournal,2008(1):227.[7]Chih2HungHsieh,Wen2TengWu.Cultivationofmicroalgaeforoilproductionwithacultivationstrategyofurealimitation.BioresourceTechnology,2009,100:392123926.[8]Zhi2YuanLiu,Guang2CeWang,Bai2ChengZhou.EffectofironongrowthandlipidaccumulationinChlorellavulgaris.BioresourceTechnology,2008,99:471724722.[9]NomieManuelle,DorvalCourchesne,AlbertParisien,etal.Enhancementoflipidproductionusingbiochemical,geneticandtranscriptionfactorengineeringapproaches.JournalofBiotechnology,2009,141:31241.[10]CasadevallE,DifD,LargeauC,etal.StudiesonBatchandContinuousCulturesofBotryococcusbraunii:Hydrocarbonproductioninrelationtophysiologicalstate,cellultrastructure,andphosphatenutrition.BiotechnologyandBioengineering,1985,27:2862295.[11]PeerMSchenk,SkyeRThomas2Hall,EvanStephens,etal.Secondgenerationbiofuels:High2efficiencymicroalgaeforbiodieselproduction.BioEnergyResearch,2008,1:20243.8312010,30(2):[12]XinMeng,JianmingYang,XinXu,etal.Biodieselproductionfromoleaginousmicroorganisms.RenewableEnergy,2009,34:125.[13]KeikoYamaberi,MutsumiTakagi,ToshiomiYoshida.Nitrogendepletionforintracellulartriglycerideaccumulationtoenhanceliquefactionyieldofmarinemicroalgalcellsintoafueloil.JournalofMarineBiotechnology,1998,6:44248.[14]Sheng2YiChiu,Chien2YaKao,Ming2TaTsai,etal.LipidaccumulationandCO2utilizationofNannochloropsisoculatainresponsetoCO2aeration.BioresourceTechnology,2009,100:8332838.[15]YanqunLi,MarkHorsman,BeiWang,etal.EffectsofnitrogensourcesoncellgrowthandlipidaccumulationofgreenalgaNeochlorisoleoabundan.AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology,2008,81:6292636.[16]InnaKhozin2Goldberg,ZviCohen.TheeffectofphosphatestarvationonthelipidandfattyacidcompositionofthefreshwatereustigmatophyteMonodussubterraneus.Phytochemistry,2006,67:6962701.[17]RoesslerPG.ChangesintheactivitiesofvariouslipidandcarbohydratebiosyntheticenzymesinthediatomCyclotellacrypticainresponsetosilicondeficiency.ArchivesofBiochemistryandBiophysics,1988,267(2):5212528.[18],,.pH.,2002,26(5):63267.WangXL,LiuCL,ZhangXC.MarineSciences,2002,26(5):63267.[19]SvetlanaVKhotimchenko,IrinaMYakovleva.LipidcompositionoftheredalgaTichocarpuscrinitusexposedtodifferentlevelsofphotonirradiance.Phytochemistry,2005,66:73279.[20]Ming2LiTeoh,Wan2LoyChu,HarveyMarchant,etal.Influenceofculturetemperatureonthegrowth,biochemicalcompositionandfattyacidprofi