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当前位置:首页 > 机械/制造/汽车 > 机械/模具设计 > 蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材料的组织性能研究
合肥工业大学硕士学位论文蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材料的组织性能研究姓名:吴进钱申请学位级别:硕士专业:材料学指导教师:黄新民2011-05蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材料的组织性能研究摘 要 蠕墨铸铁作为一种新型的玻璃模具材料,具有良好的机械性能及较好的高温抗热疲劳、抗氧化、抗组织生长性能等,又有良好的导热性能;因此,对蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材料的研究越来越受到人们的重视。为了进一步提高模具的服役寿命,本文通过正交试验方法制备一系列试样,并通过实际的工业生产,研究了材料的合金含量和铸造工艺对其服役寿命的影响,并在实验室条件下,探索了蠕墨铸铁的抗氧化性,耐热疲劳性能。试验结果表明:合金元素含量在V:0.11~0.15%.、Ti:0.06~0.11%,铁液熔炼温度:1520~1540℃,蠕化剂添加量:0.6~0.7%,模具浇注温度:1350~1380℃的情况下,玻璃模具具有昀佳的服役寿命;对正交试验单因素分析表明:随V+Ti合金含量上升,材料的硬度值不断升高而后呈现下降趋势,模具服役寿命先升高后降低;熔炼温度主要影响组织中合金元素的含量及其分布状态,温度低合金熔化不完全,温度高合金烧损严重,实际熔入铁液的量降低。随熔炼温度的升高,模具服役寿命不断增加而后快速下降;硬度值持续升高,后上升速度减缓;随蠕化剂含量的增加,服役寿命延长,过量的蠕化剂导致石墨组织球化,服役寿命迅速降低。模具的硬度值持续升高,后升高趋势渐缓;随浇注温度升高,模具服役寿命先增加后降低,硬度值增加幅度小。较高的浇注温度,会使蠕状石墨组织不断地球化并长大,降低其服役寿命。通过综合分析合金元素含量、铸造工艺、以及模具材料微观组织形貌对模具服役寿命的影响,表明模具服役寿命与材料组织的硬度没有明显对应关系,材料的服役寿命主要取决于组织中石墨的形态、大小、分布以及基体组织的合金分布等因素。实验室条件下进行的高温性能实验表明,模具服役在过程中,其抗氧化性、耐热疲劳性主要是受蠕虫状石墨组织的大小及分布的影响,其次是基体组织的合金化因素的影响,合适的合金含量能够强化基体,提高基体抵抗疲劳裂纹的萌生与扩展的能力;同时,合金元素能够为石墨化转变提供核心,增加形核率,细化石墨组织。 关键词:蠕墨铸铁;玻璃模具;抗氧化性;热疲劳性 ResearchoforganizationandpropertiesofvermicularcastironglassmouldABSTRACTAsanewkindofglassmouldmaterial,Vermicularcastironhasadvantagesofgoodmechanicalproperties,betterhigh-temperatureheat-resistantfatigue,anti-oxidationandresistancetotissuegrowthperformance,aswellasgoodthermalconductivity.Therefore,peopleattachmoreandmoreimportancetothestudyofvermicularcastironglassmouldmaterial.Inordertofurtherimprovingthemould’sservicelife,inthispaper,aseriesofsamplesarepreparedthroughtheorthogonalexperimentmethod,anditalsoresearchtheeffectsofthecontentofalloymaterialandcastingtechnologyontheservicelifethroughactualindustrialproduction.Theanti-oxidationperformanceandheat-resistantfatigueperformanceofvermicularironareexploredinexperimentalconditions.ThetestresultsshowthatintheconditionofthecontentofalloyingelementsinV:0.11~0.15%,Ti:0.06~0.11%,ironliquidmeltingtemperature:1520~1540,vermiculizer℃addingamount:0.6~0.7%,mouldpouringtemperature:1350~1380,the℃glassmouldhasthebestservicelife.Throughsinglefactoranalysisontheorthogonalexperimental,itshowsthatwithcontentofV+Tialloysrising,material’shardnessvalueisrisingthendeclinesandmouldservicelifeatfirstincreasedthendecreased.Meltingtemperaturemainlyaffectsthecontentsofalloyingelementsanddistributionstateintheorganization,itpresentsthatthealloymeltsincompleteinlowtemperatureandinhightemperatureitmeltsintoserious,asaresult,theactualfusedliquidirondecreased.Withthemeltingtemperaturerising,mouldservicelifecontinuouslyincreaseandfallingfast,andhardnessvaluecontinuegrowththenslowdown.Withthecontentofvermiculizerincreasingandtheservicelifeprolonging,theexcessiveamountsofvermiculizeleadtographiteorganizationnodulizingandservicelifereducedquickly,whichalsoleadtothemoldhardnessvaluecontinuingrisingandthenthetrendslowinggradually.Withthepouringtemperaturerising,mouldservicelifeatfirstincreasedthenreduced,andthehardnessvalueincreasedsmall.Higherpouringtemperaturevermicularwillmakethegraphiteorganizationcontinuingnodulizingandgrowing,leadingtoreduceitsservicelife.Aftersyntheticallyanalysisingtheeffectsofelement’scontents,castingprocess,andthemorphologyofmouldmaterialmicrostructureonthemouldservicelife,it’sfoundthattherearenotapparentcorrespondingrelationsbetweensurfacemoldservicelifeandthehardnessofmaterialorganization,anditsservicelifemainlydependsonthegraphite’smorphology,size,distributionandalloydistributionofmatrix,andotherfactorsintheorganization.Hightemperatureexperimentsweredoneinthelaboratory.Theresultshowsthatintheprocessofmouldservice,itsanti-oxidationperformanceandheat-resistantfatiguearemainlyaffectedbythesizeanddistributionofthevermiculargraphite’sorganization,followedbythealloyinglevelofmatrix.Theproperalloycontentscanstrengthenmatrixandimproveitsabilitytoresistancetheinitiationandgrowthoffatiguecrack.Meanwhile,alloyelementscanprovidenucleusforgraphitetransition,increasenucleationrateandrefinegraphiteorganization.Keywords:vermicularcastiron,glassmoldmaterial,anti-oxidation,thermalfatigue 插 图 清 单 图1-1玻璃瓶冲压吹制生产工艺图..................................2图1-2石墨组织形貌图片(100×);(a)灰铸铁;(b)蠕墨铸铁;(c)球形铸铁........................................................6图3-1砂型模具铸型照片.........................................18图3-2热处理工艺曲线...........................................20图3-3试验试样铸型实物图.......................................20图3-4试验铸件组织观察及硬度测试取样位置.......................21图3-5热疲劳试样...............................................23图4-1V+Ti合金元素与服役寿命及硬度关系........................25图4-2(a)V+Ti%为0.08+0.03%的组织形貌(1000×)..............26图4-2(b)V+Ti%为0.13+0.08%的SEM照片(1000×)..............26图4-2(c)V+Ti%为0.18+0.13%的SEM照片(1000×)..............26图4-3试样微区EDS能谱图.......................................27图4-4熔炼温度对模具服役寿命及组织显微硬度的影响...............28图4-5试样内腔区合金元素EDS能谱分析...........................28图4-6试样合金元素分布EDS能谱图...............................29图4-7不同熔炼温度下材料组织照片(100×);(a)1510℃;(b)1530℃;(c)1550℃................................................30图4-8蠕化剂量对服役寿命及硬度的影响...........................31图4-9不同蠕化剂量对材料组织的影响(100×);(a)0.35%;(b)0.5%;(c)0.65%;(d)0.8%;(e)0.95%............................
本文标题:蠕墨铸铁玻璃模具材料的组织性能研究
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