3空间数据库实验指导书_PostGIS的空间数据库操作

PostGIS的空间数据库操作1、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库导出sql再导入数据库方法1：以SQL文件为中间媒介实现shp导入空间数据库Step1：shp2pgsql-s4326F:\spatial\data\cities.shpcitiesD:\cities.sql说明：-s设置坐标系统；F:\spatial\data\cities.shp指定数据源；cities目标表名称。Step2：运行postgres数据库；输入登录密码：admin进入数据库；选中postgis数据库Step3：点击工具栏上的，弹出sql窗口Step4：点击，找到刚才生成的SQL文件，打开，运行即可。方法2：通过命令行直接导入空间库Step1：shp2pgsql-s4326F:\spatial\data\cities.shppublic.citiespsql-Upostgres-padmin-dpostgis说明：-s设置坐标系统；F:\spatial\data\cities.shp指定数据源；public.cities目标表名称；–U用户名；–p密码；–d空间数据库名称。方法3：通过界面导入空间库Step1：在开始菜单中，运行postgis2.0下面的Step2：点击，设置数据库连接；确定，如果成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connectionsucceeded.”的信息。Step3：点击，在对话框找到需要转入空间数据库的shp文件，openStep4：点击即可导入数据Step5：如果数据中的字段存在汉字的话，可以点击进行编码设置。2、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库方法1：通过命令行直接导出shppgsql2shp-fd:\shop_point.shp-hlocalhost-upostgres-Padminpostgispublic.cities说明：-fd:\shop_point.shp导出文件的名称和路径；-h数据库的ip地址；–U用户名；–p密码；postgis空间数据库名称；public.cities空间数据库表的名称方法2：通过命令行直接导出shpStep1：在开始菜单中，运行postgis2.0下面的Step2：点击，设置数据库连接；确定，如果成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connectionsucceeded.”的信息。Step3：选择export界面Step3：点击；再点击即可3、PostGIS函数分类字段处理函数AddGeometryColumn为已有的数据表增加一个地理几何数据字段；DropGeometryColumn删除一个地理数据字段的；SetSRID设置SRID值几何关系函数这类函数目前共有10个，分别是：Distance，Equals，Disjoint，Intersects，TouchesCrosses，Within，Overlaps，Contains，Relate几何分析函数这类函数目前共有12个，分别是：Centroid，Area，Lenth，PointOnSurface，Boundary，Buffer，ConvexHull，Intersection，SymDifference，Difference，GeomUnion，MemGeomUnion读写函数这类函数很多，主要是用于在各种数据类型之间的转换，尤其是在于Geometry数据类型与其他如字符型等数据类型之间的转换，函数名如AsText、GeomFromText等。4、Geo-SQL查询Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,RiversRWhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(R.geom,3000))Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,(Selectgeomfromriverswherename='Alabama')asmWhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(m,3000))Selectc1.city_nameFromCitiesC1,(SelectST_Buffer(geom,3000)asddfromriverswherename='Platte')asmWhereST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd)=trueSelectc1.city_name,ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd)FromCitiesC1,(SelectST_Buffer(geom,3000)asddfromriverswherename='Platte')asm做一个点查询（查询州数据）ST_Within点查询城市ST_Buffer、ST_Within查询某一州包含的城市ST_Contains查询面价大于XX的州有哪些ST_Area查询州的名字（按照面积从大到小排序）ST_Area条件查询空间数据，查询结果的空间数据，用文本显示ST_AsText与某点距离小于XX的要素有哪些（点线面分别查询一次）ST_Distance、ST_MakePoint查询名字为XX的河流，流经哪些州ST_Crosses将某个城市平移一定的距离ST_GeomFromText、ST_AsText附件：常用的Geo-SQL查询1.SELECTshengjie_region.name,shijie_region.nameFROMshengjie_region,shijie_regionwhereshijie_region.provincena=shengjie_region.nameandST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom)点查询某省份，并找到该省份的城市2.SELECTnameFROMshijie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)3.SELECTshengjie_region.name,shijie_region.nameFROMshengjie_region,shijie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shijie_region.geom)andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom)4.SELECTshengjie_region.name,shijie_region.name,xianjie_region.nameFROMshengjie_region,shijie_region,xian_point,xianjie_regionwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shengjie_region.geom)andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),shijie_region.geom)andST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),xianjie_region.geom)5.SELECTnameFROMguodao_polylinewhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)6.selectname,st_distance(ST_MAKEPOINT(116.561,40.276),geom)asdistancefromshengjie_regionwherename='天津市'orname='辽宁省'orname='北京市'7.selectst_point(63.573566,44.646244)fromdual;8.SELECTST_AsText(geom)aswktFROMshengjie_regionwherename='新疆维吾尔自治区'9.SELECTST_AsEWKT(geom)asbufferFROMshengjie_region10.SELECTST_AsText(st_transform(st_setsrid(ST_Buffer(st_transform(st_setsrid(st_geomfromtext('+wkt+'),4326),2333),10800),2333),4326))FROMdual11.SELECTST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758)fromdual;12.SELECTst_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_point;13.SELECTnameFROMgongyuan_pointwhereST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54,38.91),geom)14.SELECTST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),4326);15.SELECTname,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)0.02;16.SELECTgid,name,st_setsrid(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),4326)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)0.02;17.SELECTST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5622438.87757)',4326),26986));18.selectgid,POINT(geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)0.02;19.SELECTST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986));20.SELECTST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986),1500)fromdual;21.SELECTST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5522338.86758)',4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.5617140838.87784198)',4326),26986),1400)fromdual;22.SELECTname,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)fromgongyuan_pointwherest_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,38.86758),geom)0.02orderbyst_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223,