2013高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练新从句

第1页共8页英语主要从句精讲精练从句的基本构成形式：一、（引导从句的）关联词+陈述句常见的关联词：1、引导多种从句的常见关联词：what,when,where,who,which,why,how,that,as,since,whether,which,whatever,whenever,if,etc.2、引导一种从句（常为状语从句）的常见关联词：until,till,after,before,than,solongas,asfaras,assoonas,themoment,everytime,eachtime,asif,nowthat,evenif(thought),bythetime,inorderthat,as…as,once,incase,immediately,howlong,etc.二、主语从句NOTICE:Whatweneedmostarebooks.主语从句三要素：1、关联词不能省略2、谓语动词用单数3、从句用陈述语序常见引导词:what,when,where，which,who,that，whether,how，whatever,whoeverWhetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Iswhatyoutoldmereallytrue?Idon’tthinkthatwhateverhappensisright.三、表语从句:1、关联词不能省略2、从句用陈述语序常见引导词:what,when,where,why,whether,how,that,because,which,WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeEnglishsowell.Thequestionishowwhatyou’vesaidcanbeputintopractice.Thereason(why)hedidn’tcomeisthathewasill.It(This,That)isbecauseironcontainsmorecarbonthansteel.四、同位语从句:1、关联词不能省略2、从句用陈述语序从句的名词后接同位语:fact,idea,word，promise,saying，problem,news常见引导词:that,whether,where,how,etc.Thefactsthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedus.Anideacametoherthatshemightdothatinanotherway.Scientistshavearguedovertheproblemwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.五、宾语从句1.从句用陈述语序:Freemovieticketswillbegiventowhoevercomesfirst.Parentsgenerallybuywhicheverbookstheirchildrenwant.IrealizedthatwhatIsaidwasnotexactlywhatImeanttosay.Ioncereadthat“Thebeautyoflifeisitschanges“andthat“Theartoflifeliesinaconstantreadjustment(适应）tooursurroundings.”Sleep-teachingwillonlyhammerinto(强硬灌输）yourheadwhatyouhavestudiedalreadywhileyouareawake.2.it可做形式宾语代替宾语从句:Weallthoughtitapitythathedidn’tcome.六、名词性从句的综合问题１、whether与if:If只能引导宾语从句，不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing２、which,what不能引导同位语从句，,what不能引导定语从句。３、whatever,whichever,whoever可以引导名词性从句，“一切，任何，无论”Whoevertelephones,tellthemI’mout.Whicheverdayyoucome,we’llbepleasedtoseyou.Whateverproblemyouhave,youcanalwayscometomeforhelp.七、What-clause1、what=somethingthat/which（即含“内容”）2、可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句：WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengiventoyou.3、在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语：Showmewhatyouhavewritten.Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.Whatmattersmostisgoodhealth.FIUhasopened(that)whatitsaysisthefirstcomputerartintheUS.4.引导插入语：Heishandsome,andwhatismore,veryrich,_____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As（08山东）C此题考查主语从句连词的选择。关键在于看出shetoldme是插入语，从结构上不影响整个句子的表达。据题意“她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭”，第二个was是整个句子的谓语动词。所选词须是连词用来引导主语从句。故可排除A,B。as不能引导主语从句，第2页共8页也可排除。what引导名词性从句在从句中做主语。八、状语从句状语从句引导从句的连词备注时间after,as,before,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,aslongas,assoonas,hardly(scarcely)…when,Nosooner…than,thetime(moment,instant,minute,day…)hardly,nosooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词．when引导的从句注意其特殊用法．一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句．地点where,wherever后者表示强调．方式as,asif,asthough,as引导的方式状语从句多在句首．原因because,since,as,now(that)语气一个比一个弱．for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末．结果so…that,such(a)…that,sothat,thatso…that中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装．目的sothat,inorderthat,that,so,sothat使用最普遍．条件if,unless,incase,aslongas,注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气．让步though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,inspiteofthefact,while,nomatterwh-,as引导的让步状语从句要倒装．1.when;while;as;whenever◇when从句∣●————点动作，瞬间动作）————∣————————————主句∣●————瞬间动作；延续动作）I’llspeaktohimwhenhearrives.When(While,As)hestayedthere,hebegantostudyGerman.◇while从句∣————段动作，延续动作————∣————————————主句∣●————瞬间动作；延续动作While(When)wewereinParis,wesawhimtwice.Thedoorbellrangwhile(when)wewerewatchingTV.◇as从句∣———————∣———————(多表示主从句动作同时进行)主句∣————Shesangasshedidherhomework.Ashisbrotherwasgoingout,itbegantorain.◇whenever(无论何时）：Wheneveryou(may)call(看她),you’llfindhersittingbythewindow.★when表示并列(justatthattime)，用在句子中部Iamgoingout(Iamabouttogoout)whenthephonerings.★两个短动作同时发生用as，或justas，有时也用when，长动作同时发生用whileIthoughtofitjustasyouopenedyourmouth.Hestoodquietlywhiletheguardssearchedhisclothes.★while可表示对比转折Sheisinredwhilehersisterisinyellow.★while还可表“趁......时”Weshouldgoandlookatthemonkeyswhiletheyarestillthere.★while表“尽管，虽然”（多放在句首）Whiletheyaremyneighbours,Idon’tknowthewell.★while表示“只要”Whilethereislifetherishope.★as表示两种发展或变化的情况，“随着......”Asitgrew,itbecameloder.★when引导的从句，用一般时态表示未来的事情Cometomewhenyoulike.2.till(until);not…till(until)1).肯定：主句谓语动词是延续动词,表达动作或状态持续“到……为止”（即：主句动作或状态到until或till表达的时间结束）从句∣until/till———∣———————∣——We’llstayheretillitstopsraining.主句∣----→∣（结束）2).否定主句谓语动词是短暂动词,表达动作或状态“直到……才开始”（即：主句动作或状态到until或till表达的时间才开始做从句∣until/till————∣—————∣————Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhisbosscame.主句∣（开始）∣-→倒装：Notuntilhesawhismotherdidthelittleboysmile.强调：Itwasnotuntilhesayhismotherthattheboysmiled.第3页共8页3．bythetime,nexttime，everytime,eachtime，theday,theweek，etc.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.Thedayhereturned,hisfatherwasalreadydead.theyarrived,wehadalreadyleft.Bythetimetheyarrive,wewillhavealreadyleft.4．assoonas,themoment,ondoing,nosooner…than,hardly…whenAssoonasIsawhimIknewtherewasnohope→Themoment(that)IsawhimIknewtherewasnohope.→OnseeinghimIknewtherewasnohope.→NosoonerhadIseenhimthanIknewtherewasnohope.5.where,whereverAdrivershouldslowdownwherethereareschools.对比:Hewillworkinthefactorywhereweneedhmmost.(定从)Hewillworkwhereweneedhimmost.（状从）（定语从句前必有被修饰的地点名词，而状语从句前没有）Whereverh