小汽车的使用

LectureElevenTranslationofpassivevoicesentencesI.ReviewandCommentsontheassignment.(Omitted.)II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesIII.PracticeIV.summaryV.AssignmentsVI.ReferencesforfurtherreadingTeachingProceduresI.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments.Thecarandthetelevisionsetandthegrowingvolumeofofficeworkmaywellhaveproducedthemostliterallysedentarypopulationhumansocietyhaseverknown.Butatthesametime,dietsstuffedwiththeproteinsandcaloriesneededforalumbermanoraprofessionalboxerhavebecomeprevalent.Everywherehighmeatconsumptiondemandsgrain-fedanimals.Meanwhile,whatlittlegrainwedoeatthroughbreadusuallyhaslittlenutritionalvalueandroughage,sincetheseareremovedwhentheflourisrefined.小汽车的使用，电视机的普及以及不断扩充的写字楼文案工作，可能已经造就了人类社会有史以来最名副其实的“久坐之族”。而另一方面，这样一种现象也变得司空见惯，即常人一日三餐所摄入的蛋白质和卡路里都要相当于一个伐木工人或一位职业拳击手每天的需要量。到处的肉类巨量消费均对食粮牲畜增大了需求。与此同时，我们自己的粮食消费量却极小。面包作为我们的主食，营养价值微乎其微，而且几乎不含什么粗糙物，因为这些都在面粉精制过程中被去掉了。Thus,thehumanbowelisdeprivedofthefiberitrequirestofunctioneasily.Theeatingoffreshvegetables---whichalsogivenecessaryfiber---hasfallenoffbyathirdinthelasthalfcentury.Processed,defiberedproductshavetakentheirplace.Theresultsareliterallyapparent.Inalldevelopednations,obesityanddiet-relatedillnessesarenowamajormedicalproblem.Manymedicalexpertsarenowagreedthat,withfat,sugar,cholesterol,refinedgrains,foodadditives,andthegeneralabsenceofroughage,moderncitizensareliterally---viaheartattacksandcancer---eatinganddrinkingthemselvesintothegrave.I.Reviewandcommentsontheassignments.这样一来，人的肠子的正常功能就因缺少其所需的纤维物质而受影响。新鲜蔬菜也含纤维，但在过去的50年间，新鲜蔬菜的食用量减少了三分之一，其结果也是有目共睹的：在所有发达国家中，肥胖症及与饮食有关的疾病现已成为医学的一大难题。取而代之的是经过加工去掉纤维的食品。许多医学专家现在都一致认为，由于脂肪、糖、胆固醇、细粮、食物添加剂的大量食用，而总体上食物中又缺乏粗糙物，现代公民们就是这样一日三餐，不知不觉地患上心脏病和癌症，最终明赴黄泉。这样说并非言过其实。1.ThoughHamlethasbeendisappointedofthethrone,everyonerespectshim.虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。2.Theywerecaughtintherainyesterday.他们昨天叫雨淋了。3.Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。4.Theyweregivenaheartywelcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。5.Hewaspolicedbythebosses’cops.他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督。A.译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构,如“叫,让,给,受到,遭到,为…所…,是…的,加以…等。II.Translationofpassivevoicesentences6.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。7.Byeveningtheoccupationwascomplete,andthepeoplewerechasedoffthestreetsbyaneighto’clockcurfew.至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。8.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.大火使这著名的旅馆几乎全部毁灭。9.Mostlettersfromhiswifearereadtohimbythenurseinthehospital.他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesB.译成汉语主动句1.Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。2.OntheirdomesticstationseventsintheMiddleeastweredismissedbriefly.在他们国内的电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesC、保留原主语,被动改主动1.Mr.Blackwasgivenaprize.布拉克先生得了奖。2.Hislifewascutshortbycholera.他因患霍乱而早亡。3.Hewasthrownintoconfusionbythereturnofhiswife.他由于妻子归来而陷入惶惑不安之中。II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesD.把原文中的主语译为宾语1.Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization,butatacostofover200BelgianandFrenchlives.大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价。2.Itwouldbeastonishingifthatlosswerenotkeenlyfelt.如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesE.译成无主句1.Wheneverworkisbeingdone,energyisbeingconvertedfromoneformintoanother.做功时，能从一种形式转变为另一种形式。2．Cuttingtoolsshouldbeinspectedcarefullybeforetheyareused.切割工具使用前要认真检查。3．Somepictureswerehungonthewall.墙上挂着照片。4.Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.要教孩子们讲真话。II.TranslationofpassivevoicesentencesExercisesinclassA.PutthefollowingsentencepatternsintoEnglish:Fixedphrasesorsentencepatterns:1.已经证明…2.可以有把握地说…3.无可否认…4.人们希望…5.人们(有人、大家)认为…6.不用说(谁都知道)…7.大家知道(众所周知)…8.据报道…9.据说…10.据估计(预计)…Ithasbeenproved…Itmaybesafelysaidthat…Itcannotbedeniedthat…Itisexpected(hoped)that…Itisconsidered(thought)that…Itisunderstoodthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itisreportedthat…Itissaidthat….Itisestimated(predicted,calculated)that…III.Practice11.据推测…12.据闻(悉)…13.可以肯定…14.普遍(一般、通常)认为…15.必须指出…16.有人(人们、大家)相信…17.由此可见…18.必须(应该)承认…19.据谣传…20.可以毫不夸张地说…Itissupposedthat…Itislearnedthat…Itmaybeconfirmedthat…Itisgenerally(usually)accepted(agreed)that…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…Itmust(should)beadmittedthat…Itisrumoredthat…Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…III.PracticeB.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Theplanwillbeexaminedbyaspecialcommittee.该计划将由一个特别委员会加以裁决。2.NationalDayisenthusiasticallycelebratedonOctober1stbytheChinesepeopleofallnationalitieseveryyear.我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。3.Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.他出现在台上，观众给予热烈鼓掌。4.AllPartymembersofthecollegearerequestedtomeetintheassemblyhalltolistentoaspeech.请全院党员于星期五下午两点三十分在大礼堂听报告。5.Itissaidthathewascheatedbyhispartnerwhiledoingbusinessinthesouth.据说他在南方做生意时让同伴给骗了。III.Practice6.Itisbelievedthatworrycanmakeaperson’shairturngrayovernight.有人相信忧愁能使一个人的头发一夜之间变白。7.Ithasbeenprovedthatplentyofvegetableswillimproveone’shealth.已经证明多吃蔬菜对健康有好处。8.ThisoldmanhasbeentakencareofforyearsbysomePLAmen.这位老人多年来一直受到几位解放军的照顾。9.Thecityisbeingdestroyedbytheflood.这座城市正在被洪水所毁。