2014届高考专题训练-任务型阅读

12014届高考专题训练—任务型阅读任务型阅读是根据《普通高中课程标准（实验）》提出的“优化学习方式，提高自主学习能力”的理念设计的，旨在考查考生根据学习任务的需要“用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力”。该题型要求考生在阅读所给语言材料的基础上对相关信息进行加工，在读透文章、把握主题、理清文脉和审清题意的基础上以完成表格或图表的形式完成相关文字表达的任务。一、文脉导引细节理解类二、主题概括同意转述类任务型阅读：请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Haveyoueverwonderedwhytherearesomanyskincolorsintheworld?Doyouknowwhypeoplelivinginparticularareasusuallyhaveacertaincolor?Biologyandhistoryarethetworeasonsforthis.Skincontainssomethingcalledmelanin,whichdeterminesaperson’sskincolor.Themoremelaninapersonhas,thedarkerhisorherskinwillbe.Theamountofandtheproductionofmelaninarecontrolledbygenetics,butcanbeaffectedbyotherthings,suchassunlight.Ifapersonlivesinaplacewithlesssunlight,aperson’sbodywillproducelessmelanin,makingtheskinlighter.Skincolorisalsoaffectedbyanothersource----vitaminD.humansallneedvitaminDtobuildbones.Peoplecangetitbyeatingfoodssuchasfishandmilk,orfromsunlight,sosunlightabsorbedbymelanincannotbeusedforvitaminDproduction.Therefore,adark—skinnedpersonwillproducelessvitaminDthanalight—skinnedpersonwhentheyreceivedthesameamountofsunlight.TheconnectionbetweenvitaminDproductionandskincolorisclearwhenwelookatevolution.TheearliesthumanslivedinAfrica,theirdarkskinproducedlessvitaminDbecauseoftheirdarkskin.Asaresult,theirskinmadelessmelanin,sotheycouldgetenoughsunlighttoproducevitaminD.theirskingraduallygotlighterandtheylosthair.Now,peoplelivinginareaswithstrongsunlightlikeAfrica,havedarkerskin,whilepeoplelivinginotherareashavelighter2skin.TheexceptiontothisistheInuit,wholiveinaplacewithlittlesunlight,buthavedarkskinbecausetheyeatalotoffishandhaveenoughvitaminD.Evolutionhasgivenusarainbowofskincolors.Humanshavealwayshadmelanintodetermineourskincolor.Whathaschangedthroughhistoryistheenvironmentwherewehavelived.Thishasinturnchangedourmelaninproduction,andeventually,skincolor.AWorldofSkinColorBrief1Peoplelivinginaparticular2usuallyhavethesameskincolorandtherearemanydifferentskincolorsintheworld.ReasonforskincolorThereasonsfordifferentskincolorsmainly3inbiologyandhistory.BiologyreasonsTheamountofmelanin,bywhichaperson’sskincoloris4,variesfrompeopletopeople.Themoremelaninapersonhas,the5hisorherskinwillbe.VitaminDisanothersource6skincolor.VitaminDisnecessaryforhumanstobuildbones.SunlightcontributestovitaminDintheskin.HistoricalreasonsTheearliestpeopleinAfricadaddarkskinwithhaircoveringitbecausethesunlightisverystrong.Whentheymovedtoplaceswheretheycouldnotgetenoughsunlightto7vitaminD,theirskincolorbecamelighter.Generallyspeaking,peopleinareaswithstrongsunlight,havedarkerskin8peopleinotherareashavelighterskin.9Melanin10animportantroleinourskincolor.Withourlivingenvironmentchanging,melaninproductionischanged,whichleadstothechangesinourskincolor.江苏高考任务型阅读解题的有效性----表格式：一、审题：1、审题目要求。①、是否可用文中的词填写。②、弄清字数限制。此任务阅读限定每个空格只填一个词；对是否用文中的词填写没有限制即可用文中的词。2、审任务设置类型。①、表格式。（结构常为对比陈述；通常分左右栏，左栏为文章提纲右栏文章细节。）此短文设置表格任务型。左栏为文章提纲：briefintroduction、reasons、biologyreasons、3historicalreasons、conclusion；右栏为支撑每一topic的细节。②、树状式。（结构常为先总后分；通常分上下框，上框为topicsentences,下框为supportingsentences。）二、阅读：1.读图表。（快速浏览，了解短文的写作提纲。）浏览图表，了解：topicsentence1detailstopicsentence2details…2.读短文。①、快读：快速浏览全文，抓住文章主题，同时结合图表，洞悉文章结构。Paragraph1Topicsentence1…②、细读：仔细阅读，获取充分信息，查出答题的对应信息点。第一空paragraph1归纳结构类词；第二空对应信息点为whypeoplelivinginparticularareasusuallyhave…;第三空对应信息点为biologyandhistoryarethetworeasonsforthis,要求学同义转换;第四空对应信息点为whichdeterminesaperson’sskincolor;第五空对应信息点为…byproducingmoremelanin,makingtheskindarker;第六空对应信息点为skincolorisalsoaffectedbyanothersource—vitaminD;第七空对应信息点为…adark—skinnedpersonwillproduceless…;第八空对应信息点为…havingdarkerskin,whilepeople…;第九空对应信息点为paragraph5归纳结构类词；第十空对应信息点为…hadmelanindetermineourskincolor.三、答题。1.结构类的词：⑴、熟记常见结构类词汇。归纳掌握常见的表达文章结构的概括性词汇：introduction(导入)、cause/reason(原因)、advantage(优点)、disadvantage(不足)、attitude(态度)、result/effect/consequence(结果)、suggestion/advice/tip(建议)、及dos和don’ts等。⑵、确定答案。①、联系图表左栏的上下栏，确定用词及词的形式。（大小写、单复数、动词+ing等）②、联系图表左栏与之相对应的右栏的细节，归纳结构类用词和词的形式。（大小写、单复数、动词+ing等2.细节类的词：4⑴、明确信息点。细读文章，明确答题的相应信息点在文中的具体位置，确定用词后归纳用词。⑵、上下前后。①、对照短文中的信息点，联系图表右栏的上下栏目，确定词（文中原词或归纳的词的形式。（大小写、单复数、动词+ing等）②、对照短文中的信息点，联系所填词的前后，确定用词（文中原词或归纳的词）的形式。⑶敲定答案。根据短文信息点，联系填空上下前后，敲定答案。第一空introduction；第九空conclusion，联系图表上下前后开头字母大写、单数。第二空信息点为areas,联系前后搭配a…故用area;第三空同义转换arelie;第四空信息点为…whichdetermines…,联系前后搭配…coloris…转换为determined;第五空信息点为…makingtheskindarker,故用darker;第六空信息点为…isalsoaffectedby…,联系前后句子结构故用affecting做后置定语。第七空信息点为…willproducelessvitamin…联系前后to…,故用原型produce。第八空信息点为…skin,whilepeoplelivinginother…,故用while。第十空信息点为…hadmelanindetermineour…联系前后搭配故用plays。四、检查。检查单词的拼写、大小写、单复数、时态、语态等。introductionarealiedetermineddarkeraffectingproducewhileConclusionplays实例分析：Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.Scientificinvestigations(调查)arealmostalwayscarriedoutbyteamsofpeopleworkingtogether.Ideasareshared,experimentsaredesigned,dataareanalyzed,andresultsareevaluatedandsharedwithotherinvestigators.Groupworkisnecessary,andisusuallymoreproductivethanworkingalone.Severaltimesthroughouttheyearyoumaybeaskedtoworkwithoneormoreofyourclassmates.Whateverthetaskyourg