托福阅读真题练习

CPassage1Inmanywayscollegestudentsofthelasttwodecadesofthenineteenthcenturywereinextricablyinvolvedintheprocessesofchange.TheNorthAmericaninstitutionstheyattendedwereundergoingprofoundtransformation.Itwasnotjustthatmorestudentswerebeingadmitted.Theseweredifferentstudents-somewerewomen.inOntario,Canada,Queen'sUniversitywasthefirsttoadmitwomenintodegreeprograms,andtheUniversityofTorontofollowedsuiteightyearslaterin1884.Moreover,ascollegesceasedtocatermorenarrowlytocandidatesforthereligiousministryandtheprofessionsandcametobeseenasalogicalcontinuationofsecondaryschool,youngerstudentsbegantopredominate.Manyofthosewhonowenrolledwereexperiencingtransitionnotonlyfromasmalltownorruralareatoanurbanenvironment,butalsofromadolescencetoyoungadulthood.Universitieshadtoadjusttotheneedsofstudentswhowerelessmatureandlesssettledintheirinterests.Asthestudentbodychanged,sodidthecurriculum.Scientific,professional,andgraduatetrainingbecamemuchmoresophisticated,butthetraditionalartsprogramwasalteredaswell.RigidcoursesofstudyfullofGreekandLatinprerequisiteswerebeingreplacedatmanyschoolsbyelectivesystemsthatfeaturednewsubjects,sucha~Englishliterature,politicalscience,economics,sociologyandpsychology.Oldsubjects,likebiologyandphilosophy,wererockedbynewideassothattheytooseemedverydifferent.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)ThefoundingandgrowthofQueen'sUniversity(B)Atransitioninuniversityeducation(C)Majordifferencesbetweenruralandurbancolleges(D)ThebeginningofpubliceducationinOntario2.WhenwerewomenfirstallowedtoenrollindegreeprogramsatQueen'sUniversity?(A)In1876(B)In1884(C)In1892(D)In19003.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestwasaproblemrelatedtotheadmissionofnewtypesofstudents?(A)Theirsecondaryschooleducation(B)Theirparents'profession(C)Theirreligion(D)Theirage4.Whichofthefollowingcoursesismostlikelytohavebeenofferedaspartofatraditionalcollegedegreeprogramintheearly1800'(A)Politicalscience(B)Engineering(C)Nursing(D)Religion5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafterthe1880'sstudentsgainedmorefreedomto(A)returntotheirhometowns(B)choosetheirowncourses(C)monitortheirownprogress(D)questiontheirprofessors6.Theauthorusestheexpressionrockedbyinlines16-17tosuggestthattheeffectofnewideasonoldsubjectswas(A)calming(B)musical(C)powerful(D)religiousPassage2Apainterhangshisorherfinishedpictureonawall,andeveryonecanseeit.Acomposerwritesawork,butnoonecanhearituntilitisperformed.Professionalsingersandplayershavegreatresponsibilities;forthecomposer,isutterlydependentonthem.Astudentofmusicneedsaslongandasarduousa'trainingtobecomeaperformerasamedicalstudentneedstobecomeadoctor.Mosttrainingisconcerned'withtechnique,formusicianshavetohavethemuscularproficiencyofanathleteoraballetdancer.Singerspracticebreathingeveryday,astheirvocalchordswouldbeinadequatewithoutcontrolledmuscularsupport.Stringplayerspracticemovingthefingersofthelefthandupanddown,whiledrawingthebowtoandforwiththerightarm-twoentirelydifferentmovements.Singersandinstrumentalistshavetobeabletogeteverynoteperfectlyintune.Pianistsaresparedthisparticularanxiety,forthenotesarealreadythere,waitingforthem,anditisthepianotuner'sresponsibilitytotunetheinstrumentforthem.Buttheyhavetheirowndifficulties:thehammersthathitthestringshavetobecoaxednottosoundlikepercussion,andeachoverlappingtonehastosoundclear.Thisproblemofgettingcleartextureisonethatconfrontsstudentconductors:theyhavetolearntoknoweverynoteofthemusicandhowitshouldsound,andtheyhavetoaimatcontrollingthesesoundswithfanaticalbutselflessauthority.Techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithmusicalknowledgeandunderstanding.Greatartistsarethosewhoaresothoroughlyathomeinthelanguageofmusicthattheycanenjoyperformingworkswritteninanycentury.1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Itiseasiertostudymedicinethanmusic.(B)Paintersandcomposersusetotallydifferentmethodstoreachthepublic.(C)Allmusiciansmustknowhowtotunetheirowninstruments.(D)Musiciansmustacquiretechniqueandunderstandingtoperformwell.2.Accordingtothepassage,performerscouldbestmeettheirobligationtocomposersbydoingwhichofthefollowing?(A)Takingcoursesinartappreciation(B)Knowingh6w'themusicwasintendedtobeperformed(C)Studyingworkswrittenatdifferentperiodsinhistory(D)Rearrangingmusicalscore'sfortheirparticularinstrument3.Whydoestheauthormentionathletesandballetdancers?(A)Tocontrasttherequirementsofeachfieldofstudy(B)Todiscouragemusicstudentsfromcontinuingtheirstudies(C)Tomotivatestudentstoworkhardertoachievetheirgoals(D)Toshowthatmusicstudentsmustdevelopgreatphysicalcoordination4.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantagethatpianistshaveoverotherinstrumentalistsisthattheyd6NOThaveto(A)tunetheirowninstruments(B)practiceasoften(C)usetheirmuscles(D)aimforclarityofsoundPassage3Nitinolisoneofthemostextraordinarymetalstobediscoveredthiscentury.Asimplealloyofnickelandtitanium,nitinolhassomeperplexingproperties.Ametalwithamemory,itcanbemadetorememberanyshapeintowhichitisfashioned,returningtothatshapewheneveritisheated.Forexample,apieceofnitinolwirebenttoformacirclethatisthenheatedandquenchedwillremembe