电动汽车充电站储能缓冲控制策略与在线监测系统设计

电动汽车充电站储能缓冲控制策略与在线监测系统设计重庆大学硕士学位论文(学术学位)学生姓名：蒲松林指导教师：周念成教授专业：电气工程学科门类：工学重庆大学电气工程学院二O一四年五月ControlStrategyofEnergyStorageBufferSystemandDesignofOnlineMonitoringSystemforEVChargingStaitionAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheDegreeofMasterofEngineeringByPuSonglinSupervisedbyProfessor.ZhouNianchengSpecialty:ElectricEngineeringSchoolofElectricalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,ChinaMay,2014重庆大学硕士学位论文中文摘要I摘要本论文受国家自然科学基金（51277184）和输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室自主研究项目（2007DA10512709209）资助。随着电动汽车的不断普及，充电负荷大规模接入将对电网的电能质量、网络损耗、设备利用率等产生不容忽视的影响，其作为典型的谐波源，还将对其他负荷、发电机以及监控、计量等设备产生不利影响。为减缓高密度充电负荷对配电网的冲击，可在充电站配置储能装置，以满足配电网有功功率爬坡速率的要求；同时还需对电动汽车、充电设施及其他设备的运行状态进行全面监测，以保证为电动汽车提供安全、高效的充电服务。因此，对充电站中储能缓冲系统运行方式及其控制策略的研究和电动汽车及充电设施的监测和评估具有重要意义。论文主要内容如下：○1利用储能缓冲系统补偿电动汽车快速充电的脉冲功率，提出计及配电网有功变化率限值的储能缓冲系统运行方式和电流控制策略。该运行方式以不同类型蓄电池的快速充电功率特性为基础，利用充电负荷与配电网注入功率之间的关系，确定储能缓冲系统的不同运行方式；结合储能缓冲系统的运行方式，以充电负荷电流和配电网注入电流为参考，生成储能缓冲系统电流控制策略方案。利用Matlab/Simulink搭建含储能缓冲系统的快速充电站模型，分析不同电动汽车脉冲充电功率下储能缓冲系统动态特性，验证所提出储能缓冲系统控制策略的正确性和有效性。○2基于电动汽车电气关键部件的状态指标，建立电动汽车状态综合评估指标体系。该指标体系首先根据变流器、蓄电池组和电动机的结构，选取能反应其状态的指标，详细介绍各项指标的计算方法，利用各项指标的相关性对其进行分类，并剔除贡献率小的指标；根据改进雷达图法对电动汽车的运行状态进行综合评估。○3设计和开发一套电动汽车充电站监测、分析和评估系统。首先设计该系统的功能需求；基于配电变压器、充电机的监测数据，分析其运行特性；通过电动汽车的各项监测数据，统计分析电动汽车起始充电时间、起始荷电状态和日行驶里程的概率分布，实时显示电动汽车状态综合评估结果。由监测系统的实测数据表明：电动汽车充电过程中电流谐波较大，且随充电功率增加而减小，动力电池的性能会因为快速充、放电而下降。关键词：电动汽车，充电站，储能缓冲系统，状态评估，在线监测重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIABSTRACTThisthesiswassupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(51277184)andindependentresearchprojectofStateKeyLaboratoryofPowerTransmissionEquipment&SystemSecurityandNewTechnology(2007DA10512709209).WiththeincreasingpenetrationofEVs,alargescaleofchargingloadaccesswillseriouslyaffectpowerquality,equipmentutilization,network'sloss,asatypicalharmonicsource,itwilladverselyaffectotherloads,generatorsandmonitoringandmeasuringdevices.Inordertomitigatetheimpactofhigh-densityrechargeableloadtothedistributionnetwork,energystoragedeviceormobilestoragedeviceshouldbeconfiguredtomeetwiththerequirementsofthegridactivepowerramprateinthechargingstation.Meanwhile,italsoneedcomprehensivemonitortheoperationstatusofEVs,chargingfacilitiesandotherequipment.Therefore,theresearchonenergystoragebuffersystemoperationmodeanditscontrolstrategyandmonitoringandevaluationofEVsandchargingfacilitiesareimportant.Themaincontentsareasfollows:○1Usingtheenergystoragebuffersystemtocompensatethepulsepoweroffastchargingelectricvehicles,theoperationmodeanditscurrentcontrolstrategyofenergystoragebuffersystemareproposed,whichtakesintoactiveratelimitsofthedistributionnetworkintoaccount.Combiningfastchargingstationstructureandchargingpowercharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofbatteries,differentoperationmodeofcharginganddischargingprocessforenergystoragebuffersystemareanalyzed;thentheenergystoragebuffersystemoperationparametersarededucedaccordingtothechargingstationstorageconfigurationrequirementsandfurthermoredesigntheenergystoragesystemcomponentparameters.UsingMatlab/Simulinksoftware,webuildamodeloffastchargingstationwithenergystoragebuffersystem,analyzethedynamiccharacteristicsoffastchargingstationwithdifferentpulsechargingpower,andverifythecorrectnessandeffectivenessofthecontrolstrategy.○2BasedonstateindexofEVkeycomponents,EVstatecomprehensiveevaluationindexsystemisestablished.First,thestateindexesarechosenaccordingtotheEVkeycomponents;andthenintroducingthecalculationmethodoftheindexes,classifyingtheindexesbytheircorrelation,andexcludingtheindexeswithlittlecontributionrate;finallyconductingacomprehensiveassessmentforEVanditskeycomponentsbasedon重庆大学硕士学位论文英文摘要IIIitscomprehensiveevaluationindexsystem.○3Anonlinemonitoring,analysis,andevaluationsystemofelectricvehicle(EV)chargingstationisdesignedanddeveloped.Thehardwareandsoftwarearchitectureofthesystemaredesignedindetailaccordingtoitsfunctionalrequirements;Basedonthemonitoringdata,thesystemcananalyzetheoperationcharacteristicsofdistributiontransformerandchargers,andstatisticstheprobabilityofstartchargingtime,initialofchargingstateanddailymileage.ThemonitoringdatashowsthatthecurrentharmonicsarelargerwhenEVchargingandgraduallybecomesmalleraschargingpowerincreasing,anditalsoshowsthatthebatteryperformancedeclinebecauseofrapidcharginganddischarging.Keywords:ElectricVehicle,ChargingStation,EnergyStorageBufferSystem,StateEvaluation,OnlineMonitoring重庆大学硕士学位论文目录IV目录中文摘要........................................................................................................I英文摘要.......................................................................................................II1绪论............................................................................................................11.1研究背景及意义.........................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状.........................................................................................11.2.1电动汽车政策及技术现状........................................................................11.2.2充电站储能装置研究现状.....................................