09_双学历学位实用翻译课程第一讲

09双学历学位实用翻译课程第一讲ChapterOneI.TeachingContents:Thischapterisanintroductionaboutpracticaltranslation。II.TeachingAims:Tomakestudentsknowaboutthetypessoftranslation.III.TeachingFocus:TypesofTranslation,eastern-westernideasontranslation,methodologyofthetranslationIV.TeachingMethods:Discussion(groupwork,thenclasswork).V.TeachingApproaches:Multi-mediaaided.VI.TeachingProcedures:SteponeTypesofTranslationAccordingtolinguistRomanJakobson(罗曼.雅可布逊)(1959/1966),translationcanbedividedintothreetypes:intralingualtranslation(语内翻译),interlingualtranslation(语际翻译)，intersemiotictranslation（符际翻译）。1.intralingualtranslation(语内翻译):Itisaninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofothersignsinthesamelanguage.Forexample,wetranslateoldChineseintomodernChinese2.interlingualtranslation(语际翻译):Itisaninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsomeotherlanguage.e.g.1）MrWilsontalksalotbutMrs.Wilsonwearsthetrousersintheirhouse.威尔逊讲得很多，其实他们家里主事的还是威尔逊太太。2）Lucyusedtohaveabeeinherbonnetaboutbecomingapopstar,butnowsheknowsshemustgetdowntotheearth.Lucy曾经非常想成为明星，但现在她明白了应该脚踏实地。3.intersemiotictranslation(符际翻译)：Itisaninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofnonverbalsignssystem.Thatistosay,weinterpretverbalsignsbymeansofpictures,gestures,movies,mathematics,musicandsoon.（RomanJakobsonwasborninMoscowonOctober11,1896.HeemigratedtotheCzechRepublicandtheUnitedStates.HewasafounderofthePragueSchoolofLinguisticTheory.(布拉格学派)Jakobson'sthreemajorideasinlinguisticsplayedamajorroleinthefieldtothisday.Linguistictypology,markedness,andlinguisticuniversalsarealltightlytiedtogether.Typologyistheclassificationoflanguagesintermsofsharedgrammaticalfeatures(asopposedtosharedorigin).Markednessisastudyofhowcertainformsofgrammaticalorganizationaremorenaturalthanothers.Lastbutnotleast,linguisticuniversalsarethestudyofthegeneralfeaturesoflanguageintheworld.）Steptwoeastern-westernideasontranslationABritishwriterAlexanderFraserTytlerputforwardthreeprinciples:1）Thetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptionoftheideaoftheoriginalwork.2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.3）Thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.英国人泰特勒(AlexanderFraserTytler)提出了翻译三原则：1)译文应完全传达原作的思想.2）译文的风格与笔调应和原作属于同一性质3)译文应具有原作的流畅性Other’sideasontranslationPeterNewmark’s(1995)twostatements:“Translationisthemosteconomicalmethodofexplainingoneculture’swaytoanother”and“Translationmediatesculture”.Nida(1976:65)Translationitselfisviewedas“essentiallyanaspectofalargerdomain(活动、学问等的范围,领域),namely,thatofcommunication.Eachlanguagehasitsowngenius(特征，特色).(EugenNida,thetheoryandpracticeoftranslation)Thatistosay,eachlanguagepossessescertaindistinctivecharacteristicswhichgiveitaspecialcharacter,e.g.,word-buildingcapacities,uniquepatternsofphraseorder,techniquesforlinkingclauseintosentences,markersofdiscourse(话语标志),andspecialdiscoursetypesofpoetry,proverb,andsong.Eachlanguageisrichinvocabularyfortheareaofculturalfocus.一以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则（thesource-language-orientedorthetarget-language-orientedtranslationprinciple）1.Everydoghasitsday.人人皆有得意之日2WhenGreekmeetsGreek,thencomesthetug（Acontest;astruggle:竞争；斗争）ofwar.译作张飞杀岳飞，杀得满天飞（正确译法应为两雄相遇，其斗必烈）二以作者和读者为取向的翻译原则(theauthor-and-reader-orientedtranslationprinciple)。三、以美学为取向的翻译原则（theaesthetic-orientedtranslationprinciple）。这类翻译原则主要为文学翻译家所提倡。▲许渊冲提倡文学翻译要做到意美、音美、形美(beautyinmeaning,beautyinsoundandbeautyinform)，▲Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(Nida)翻译是指接受语复制原语信息的最近似的自然等值，首先在意义方面，其次在风格方面）。▲Translationmaybedefinedasfollows:Thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage.(TL).(Catford)卡特福▲Translationisaprocessinwhichtheparoleofonelanguageistransferredintotheparoleofanotherwiththecontenti.e.meaningunchanged.(Barhudarov)▲...translationisfirstascience,whichentailstheknowledgeandverificationofthefactsandthelanguagethatdescribesthem-here,whatiswrong,mistakesoftruth,canbeidentified;secondly,itisaskill,whichcallsforappropriatelanguageandacceptableusage;thirdly,anart,whichdistinguishesgoodfromundistinguishedwritingandisthecreative,theintuitive,sometimestheinspired,levelofthetranslation;lastly,amatteroftaste,whereargumentceases,preferencesareexpressed,andthevarietyofmeritorioustranslationisthereflectionofindividualdifferences.（Newmark）YanFu'sthree-wordstandard,namely“faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance”.▲翻译是一种创造性的工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。（郭沫若）PartthreeMethodologyofthetranslation1.翻译学translatology2.直译：literaltranslationLiteraltranslation，Comparedwithfreetranslation,sometimesitiscalledword-for-wordtranslationorverbatimtranslation，referstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.Tokilltwobirdswithonestone.一石双鸟，是直译，3.意译：freetranslationFreetranslationreferstoexpressgeneralideaoftheoriginal,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedet