2011年考研英语核心词汇真题语境详解下

1appearance★构词appear出现+ance性质，状况“(表名词)→外表n.1.theactoraninstanceofcomingintosight.出现，显露2.outwardaspect外表，外貌3.somethingthatappears;aphenomenon景象;现象习惯用语atfirstappearance乍看起来;fromallappearance(s)看来,显然givetheappearanceof装出…的样子;看起来象putontheappearanceof装出…样子真题连线2003Text2Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.他们应该对读者致编辑的来信及时做出反应，以防止动物权利倡导者借机伪装起真理的外表，猖獗盛行。appreciate★构词ap表强调+prec价值+iate动词后缀→给以价值→评价;欣赏vt.1.tobethankfulorshowgratitudefor为…表示感激，感谢2.torecognizethequality,significanceof;toadmiregreatly;value;欣赏，赏识，评价3.tobefullyawareoforsensitiveto;realize意识到真题连线2007partBMostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.最重要的是，这些刚刚成年的人应该觉得，他们受到一个重视他们的家庭的尊重与支持。approach★构词ap表强调+proach接近→接近v.1.tocomeorgonearornearerto靠近,接近2.tobegintodealwithorworkon着手开始处理或工作n.1.theactofapproaching接近22.awayormeansofreachingsth途径;入门方式习惯用语attheapproachof在…快到的时候beapproaching(to)与…差不多,大致相等makeanapproachto对…进行探讨;makeapproachestosb.设法接近某人,想博得某人的好感真题连线2009PartBHistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.在博厄斯许多弟子的影响下，“历史特殊性”成为美国人类学文化研究中的主导方法。appropriate★构词ap表强调+propri“拥有”，引申为“恰当的”+ate动词或形容词后缀→表强调拥有公物→挪用a.suitableforaparticularperson,condition,occasion,orplace;fitting适当的,恰当的,特有的vt.totakepossessionoformakeuseofexclusivelyforoneself拨给,挪用,盗用真题连线2000英译汉Asaresultofallthesefactors，governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.由于这些因素的结果，政府正越来越多地依靠生物学家和社会科学家来安排适当的规划，并付诸实施。arbiter★构词arbit判断+er表示人→仲裁人n.1.anarbitrator.仲裁人，公断人2.onewhohasthepowertojudgeorordainatwill主宰者真题连线2003Text3“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.3“我们是否真的想让铁路公司成为在市场上决定谁败谁荣的裁决者呢?”一位经常代理货运商的华盛顿牧师马丁·贝科维奇提出了疑问。arithmetic▲构词arithm计算+etic人或学科(表名词)→算术n.算术算法链接arithmeticala.算术的;关于算术的arithmeticiann.算术家真题连线1996Passage4Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleatlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.为什么要提小学教育?正是因为有了这些学校，我们的早期技工才普遍能读会写，并精通算术及部分几何和三角方面的知识，这种情况在新英格兰和大西洋中部各州尤为可见。arrange★构词ar表强调+range排列，顺序→排列起来→安排v.1.put(sth)inorder;maketidy,neatorattractive安排;整理;布置;排列2.planthedetailsof(afutureevent);organizeinadvance筹备;安排真题连线1996ClozeTestTheyaredifferentinthattrendtheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminperformsoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.它们的不同之处在于每种维生素内的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。arrival★构词ar被强调+riv河岸+al名词后缀→到达河岸→到达;到达者n.1.theactofarriving到达2.onethatarrivesorhasarrived到达者真题连线2002Text14“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“这是谁啊?”新来的人问圣彼得。article★构词art技巧，关节，诡计+icle东西→用技巧做出的东西→物品n.1.particularorseparatething物件;物品2.pieceofwriting,completeinitself文章真题连线1995Passage1Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.他这样做的时间不会很长，因为庆幸的是，公众有良好的判断力，不会一而再地去购买劣质商品。artificial★构词art艺术，技巧+fic做→用技巧做出的→人工的a.1.madeorproducedbymaninimitationofsthnatural;notreal人造的;人工的;假的2.affected;insincere;notgenuine做作的;虚假的真题连线200104年英译汉Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine，includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.医学界将取得最大进展，其中包括延长人的寿命和从现在到2040年间将陆续投入使用的几十种人造器官。aside▲构词a在…的+side旁边→在边上ad.onortoonesideofthemainposition,direction,etc在一边;向一边n.aside旁白;顺便说的话真题连线2002Text1Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.所有人都很安静、礼貌和5友善，然而当这位新来的人在排队等候午餐时，突然被一位穿白大褂的人推到一旁。只见这人挤到了队伍的前头，抓起他的食物，噔噔地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。aspect★构词a表强调+spect看→看的东西→外表，容貌n.1.particularpartorfeatureofsthbeingconsidered方面2.appearanceorlook样子,容貌,神态3.sideofabuildingthatfacesaparticulardirection(建筑物的)方向,方位真题连线2007Text2Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticassessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.其他标准测试，比如学术能力检测以及研究生入学考试，包含了智商测试的主要方面。aspire★构词a表强调+spire呼吸→看到渴望的东西表强调呼吸→热望vi.1.tohaveagreatambitionorultimategoal;desirestrongly有雄心大志;强烈地渴望2.tostrivetowardanend渴望,追求链接apirationn.渴望，热望真题连线2005Text4Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.美国人已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语，而公众人物自己也不渴望这样。assault★构词as表强调+sault跳→表强调跳起来→进攻v.tomakeanassault猛烈地攻击，袭击n.aviolentphysicalorverbalattack突然而猛烈的攻击真题连线2000Passage46LastyearJapanexperienced2125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.去年日本发生了2125起校园暴力事件，其中包括929起袭击老师事件。assemble★构词as表强调+semble相类似，一样→不断使东西相同→组装[东西]v.1.tobringorcalltogetherintoagrouporwhole:召集2.tofittogetherthepartsorpiecesof装配vi.togathertogether;congregate集合真题连线1998Passage3Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“theFlightfromScie