英语国际音标表及发音规则[1]

英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）辅音（28个）轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/轻辅音/ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/浊辅音/ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/j//w/边音/ǀ/20个元音[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g][N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A][F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu][au][ts][dz]48个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]短元音[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]浊辅音长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://U:/短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ//eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ/双元音/ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][N]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]英语单词发音规则一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[C]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[∧]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在[w]音后面[C]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[_:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[∧]comemonkeylovemother三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a[E]EChinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangecomradevillagecabbagee[E]hundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreni[E]/holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[E]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[Eu]alsozerophotou[E]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operateu处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作音。四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词arar在[w]音后面[_:]carfarmdarksharpener[C:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[C:]fortymorningshort[E:]wordworkerworseerirur[E:]certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词are[錏]caredarehareere[iE]heremereire[aiE]firehirewireore[C:]morescorebeforeure[juE]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[錏]airhairchairpairrepairalal在fm前[C]smallballtalkwallall[C:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost[_:]halfcalmau/aw[C:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatear[iE]heardearnearclearyear[錏]bearpearwearswear[E:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[iE]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey[i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper[u:]flewbrewjewelryie/ei[s]音之后[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[ou]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[C:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[Ci]noisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschoolbooklookcookfootgoodou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown[ou]knowrowthrowthough[∧]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupour[C:]courseyourfour[auE]ourhourours[E:]journeyui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词ai/ayei/eySundayforeignmonkeyow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[Fn]impressionnation-sion在元音字母后[Vn]visiondecisionoccasion-tion在s后[tFEn]questionsuggestion-sten[sn]listen-stle[sl]whistle-sure[VE]pleasuremeasure-ture[tFE]pictureculture八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如：everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[C:]有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday假日break中断+fast[_:]斋戒＞breakfast[E]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[C:]＞cupboard[E]碗柜九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词bbikebusbag[/]bombtombcc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic[s]facedecidecinemach[tF]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[F]machine-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge[dV]bridgefridgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrinkf[f]fivefourbreakfastgg在ei/y前[^]baggardengo[dV]orangelargeGermangh[f]coughenough[/]lightdaughterhighgu--guegu在非重读音节中[^]guessleaguedialogue[^w]languageanguishh[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonestj[dV]jeepjarjokejoinJulyk[k]kindbikeskatemakeweekkn-[n]knifeknowknockl[l]lifemilkschooltallm[m]monkeycomeautumn-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemnnn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote[N]unclethankhungry-ng[N]morningyoungwrongp[p]paperplanepigshippenph[f]elephantphototelephoneq[k]Iraqqu-[kw]qualityquiter[r]redrubberrulers在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk[z]musichusbandsc-[sk]scarlet[s]musclesciencesh[F]shefishshirtwasht在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet[F]patientnationtch[tF]watchth在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[鑍thinthirtymethod[T]thethesewiththan[T]clothefatherweathertr-[tr]treetraincountrytruckv[v]veryvoiceloveleavew[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[/]Answertwowh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy[h]whowhosewholex在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise[gz]exampleexistexactwr-[r]writey-[j]yesyardyellowyoungz[z]puzzlezerozoo英语语音名词解释1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m][n][][l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。0-012．音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-t