2017年中考英语被动语态(重要)

1被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken过去进行时：were／wasbeing＋spoken现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、被动语态的用法详解：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlongtimeago.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词UncleWangisrepairingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyUncleWangnow.2Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.五、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.------Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.-------Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.-----Atreewascutdownbyhim.六、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词＋be＋过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.------Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.-------Itshouldbedoneatonce.七、特殊情况：Make/letsb.dosth.------sb.bemade/lettodosth.1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.----Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.---------IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.See/hearsb.dosth.------sb.beseen/heardtodosth.3.Jimsawtheboyrunyesterday.------TheboywasseentorunbyJimyesterday.Give/lendsb.sth.------(1)sb.begivensth.by….(2)sth.begiventosb.by…4.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.(1)AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.(2)PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.初中英语被动语态练习题：一、选择题（2×15=30分）()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.3A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢．．．．．．．．．．．．．)1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.17.Look!Someone__________(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（1×30=30分）1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）_______people_________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryye