20世纪通信演变过程回顾

Vol.24OPTICALCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYNo.420a(200030),,,,,,TN91,TN92A1,,1920,(Morse)(Bell)(Marconi),,,,,(AT&T)(BellTelephoneLaboratories),,,,BellLabsTechnicalJournal,,:JohnMayoDanStanzione1994719975,,,,1934,,,,19361940,MIT,1940,,,,,60,,,,22020,,(Telecommunication),20,,1927,19341935,,,a,1913,,2000209204©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.20,,,,30,,,,1940,,,,,,40,,,,,,,Terman,,CruftLaboratory,,,,(),1950,,,(80,,,,,)350,,,,,,3,3124kHz,3,3,4kHz,3,30kHz,1212,4kHz,12,140kHz,1+3+12=16,,,312,,,,50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1956,,,,,,,,,60,,,,1800,,,,,,312,601800,,,50,3,Darlington4BlackShannon,,3044220004©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,(80,50,)450,,,,,,,60,,,,,,,,,(VLSI),18,,6070,,,,,,,,1975,,,(PCM),3003400Hz64kbös,560,,,,,70,,6215Lm10Lm,125Lm,,,1978,Mbös,80,,,,0.85Lm1.31Lm1.55Lm,,,,,,,,,(LAN),,,,,,,90,,,9021,,,,,21,,,FTTH(FibertotheHome),:70,,,,,1.8km,8Mbös120,,,,,,,6,:PCM;54220004:20©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.JPEGöMPEG;,,,(ISDN,IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork)ISDN140kbös,2B+D=264kbös+12kbös=140kbös,PDH:2Mbös8Mbös34Mbös140Mbös,SDH:155Mbös622Mbös2.5Gbös10GbösPDH,SONET(),SDH(TDM),MUX2DeMUX(multiplexer2demultiplexer)(,2Mbös155Mbös),,,multiplexer;,,demultiplexer(ATM,AsynchronousTransferMode)(cell),53(byte),(packet),(cellswitching)(FPS,FastPacketSwitching),,ATM,SDHATM,,,(B2ISDN,BroadbandISDN),2B+D=140kbösISDN(N2ISND,Narrow2bandISDN)ISDN,N2ISDN,ISDN,B2ISDN,,,B2ISDN,1995Internet,,,21,,,ISDNöB2ISDN760,,36000km,,GEO(GeostationaryEarthOrbit),,,(transponder),(earthstation),,,,,,,70,,,,,80,(VSAT,VerysmallApertureSatellitestation),,,,,1985,,,,C,Ku64220004©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,80,,VSAT,,821,,,,,,,80,,,,,,,,,80,,4kHzPCM,64kbös,,LPCCELP,513kbös,,,,,2G90,,GSM(GroupeSpecialMobile),900MHz,GSM(GlobalSystemforMobileCommunications),(TDMA,TimeDivisionMultipleAccess),(CDMA,CodeDivisionMultipleAccess),90,18501990MHz140MHz,(PCS,PersonalCommunicationService)90,900MHz,1800MHz2G,3G(thirdgeneration),,,3GIMT22000(InternationalMobileTelecommunications),2000MHz,2GHz,20003G,,Intenet,IP,2Mbös,,CDMAW2CDMATDMA,(TDD,TimeDivisionDuplex),,,,,,3,,,,,19992,,,,900ö1800MHz,,,3G,,,199771000,19994324,2010,,,,74220004:20©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.990,,,90,Internet,,,,,,,(IP,InternetProtocol),,21,,21,,,,90,,,,,21,:21,,,,,,2003,,,,21,,,(PSTN,PublicSwitchedTelephoneNetwork),,,(CircuitSwitching),PSTN,,,,90Internet,,(multimedia),,,,(PacketSwitching),,,MbösGbös,IP,IP(ADM,Add2DropMultiplexer)(DXC,DigitalCross2Connect),,(QoS)1090,,,TDM,SDH,10Gbös,TDM(E2TDM)TDM,TDM10Gbös,,TDM,,,,E2TDM,,(FDM)TDM,,(WDM),90,,WDM4,E2TDM10Gbös,410Gbös=40Gbös36,10Gbös,3610Gbös=360Gbös1998,,NZDF84220004©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,1550nm80nm,100(DWDM,DenseWDM),E2TDM10Gbös,10010=1000Gbös1TbösEDFA,1000km1Tbös3Tbös,90,1550nmWDMöDWDM,,,,,TDMGbös,WDMTbösDevelopmentHistoryofTelecommunicationsinthe20thCenturyZhangXu(ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity)AbstractThepaperbeginswithbrieflymentioningthethreegreatinventionsoftelegraph,telephoneandradio,andapplicationofradiotelegraphandwiretelephoneintheearlyperiod.Thenitreviewstheinstallationandproductionofcarriertelephonesystems,theevolutionfromanalogtodigitalcommunication,thetransitionfromcopperwiretoopticalfibercommunication,thepreliminaryworkonintegratedservicesdigitalnetwork,andtheuseofsatellitesforinternationalcommunicationandtelevision.Finally,itexplainstherecentdevelopmentofcellularnetwork,theimpactofdatainfomationtothecommunicationnetwerk,aswellastheapplicationoftothewavelengthdivisionmultiplexingtoenlargefibertransmissioncapacity.Keywordswirecommunication;wirelesscommunication;digitalcommunication;opticalfibercommunication;cellularcommunication;satellitecommunication111,1027,()-()-(),8,8km,4822,(---);(--);(---);;(----)(----),223km,,,526,(,)(---),4km,,()94220004:20©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.