2018英语专四真题

2018PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGETherearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenB.wasbelievedtobeC.isbelievedtohavebeenD.isbelievedtobe12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.A.maintainsB.ismaintainingC.maintainedD.hasbeenmaintaining13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.A.bluehazyVirginiaB.hazyblueVirginiaC.VirginiahazyblueD.Virginiabluehazy15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.A.theevilB.evilC.evilsD.anevil16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.A.warB.arewarC.ofwarD.areofwar17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.A.itsmostbasicB.itsbasicC.themostbasicD.thebasic18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.A.toexpressanintendedpurposeB.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibilityC.torevealanundesirableconsequenceD.todramatizeastatedfact19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.A.ahypothesisB.asuggestionC.acontradictionD.asurprise21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesC.composesD.constructs26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filled28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePARTIVCLOZEDecidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtednessF.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obeyK.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespreadAFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.PART