橡胶厂炼胶间炭黑粉尘的危害与防治(终)

哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文I哈尔滨理工大学毕业设计题目：橡胶厂炼胶间炭黑粉尘的危害与防治院、系：测控技术与通信工程学院安全工程系姓名：安文博指导教师：殷金英系主任：周真2012年6月13日哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文I橡胶厂炼胶间炭黑粉尘的危害与防治摘要炭黑是一种重要的化工原料，它主要用于橡胶工业中作为补强剂，油墨、涂料和塑料工业中作为黑色配合剂。此外也用于造纸、无线电元件中。相对于他的重要性，在橡胶厂中炭黑粉尘的污染也是一个非常严重的问题。本文列出了炭黑粉尘的基本性质，它具有质轻、不亲水、易氧化等特点，所以其治理起来有一定的难度。通过查阅资料，并根据炭黑粉尘的性质，整理了炭黑粉尘对人员、环境、机械等的危害。之后分析炭黑粉尘的特点得出，治理炭黑粉尘不宜采用湿式除尘的方法，且普通的重力沉降室及旋风除尘器的效果也不加，所以通常要搭配以滤袋器为主的炭黑粉尘回收系统方可达到治理目的。并通过对以上几个方面的分析及工艺流程中的缺点提出了改革工艺流程、完善炭黑粉尘回收系统等治理措施。最后通过对炼胶间生产原料、设备及工艺流程的分析，并结合炭黑粉尘的排放量、排放速率和爆炸极限等法律法规，提出了控制及治理炭黑粉尘的方法和注意事项。最终达到防治炭黑粉尘的目的。关键词：炭黑粉尘；橡胶；危害；治理；回收系统哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IIHAZARDSANDPREVENTIONOFCARBONBLACKDUSTINTHERUBBERPLANTRUBBERMIXINGAbstractCarbonblackisanimportantchemicalrawmaterial,itismainlyusedasblackasareinforcingagent,inks,coatingsandplasticsindustrywiththeagentintherubberindustry.Inaddition,forthepaper,radiocomponents.Relativetohisimportanceinthecarbonblackdustintherubberfactorypollutionisalsoaveryseriousproblem.Thisarticleliststhebasicpropertiesofcarbonblackdust,ithasalight,hydrophilic,andeasilyoxidized,soitsgovernancetherearesomedifficulties.Throughaccesstoinformationandthenatureofthecarbonblackdust,finishingpersonnel,environment,machineryandotherhazardsofcarbonblackdust.Afteranalysisoncharacteristicsofcarbonblackdust,carbonblackdustcontrolshouldnotbeusedwetdustremovalmethod,andthenormalgravitysettlingchamberandcyclonedusteffectofnotaxincreases,usuallywithabagdevicebasedcarbonblackThedustcollectionsysteminordertoachievethecontrolpurpose.Andanalysisontheaboveaspectsandtheshortcomingsintheprocessofthereformprocess,toimprovecontrolmeasuressuchascarbonblackdustrecoverysystem.Finally,themixingbetweentheproductionofrawmaterials,equipmentandprocessanalysis,combinedwithcarbonblackdustemissions,emissionratesandtheexplosionlimitlawsandregulations,controlandtreatmentofcarbonblackdustandprecautions.Ultimatelyachievethepurposeofpreventionandtreatmentofcarbonblackdust.Keywords:Carbonblackdust;rubber;hazards;governance;recoverysystem哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文III目录摘要..................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论...................................................................................................-1-1.1研究目的和意义..................................................................................-1-1.2炭黑粉尘危害和防治的国内外发展现状..........................................-1-1.2.1炭黑粉尘危害和防治的国外研究现状.......................................-1-1.2.2炭黑粉尘危害和防治的国内研究现状.......................................-2-1.3本文研究的主要内容..........................................................................-2-第2章炭黑粉尘的基本性质及其回收.......................................................-4-2.1炭黑粉尘的基本性质..........................................................................-4-2.1.1炭黑粉尘的物理性质...................................................................-4-2.1.2炭黑粉尘的化学性质...................................................................-7-2.2炭黑粉尘的回收..................................................................................-8-2.2.1炭黑粉尘回收的可行性...............................................................-8-2.2.2炭黑粉尘回收的主要设备原理及其优缺点...............................-8-2.3本章小结..............................................................................................-9-第3章炼胶间炭黑粉尘的危害及原因.....................................................-10-3.1炭黑粉尘对人员的危害及原因........................................................-10-3.1.1炭黑粉尘的致癌性.....................................................................-10-3.1.2炭黑尘肺.....................................................................................-11-3.1.3炭黑粉尘对工人的职业危害.....................................................-12-3.1.4炭黑粉尘造成职业危害的因素分析.........................................-15-3.2炭黑粉尘对车间环境的危害............................................................-16-3.2.1炼胶间内的大气污染源.............................................................-16-3.2.2炭黑粉尘的防火防爆.................................................................-16-3.2.3炭黑粉尘对机电安全的危害.....................................................-17-3.3本章小结............................................................................................-18-第4章炼胶间炭黑粉尘的防治技术和措施.............................................-19-4.1炼胶间生产工艺介绍及炭黑粉尘防治的有关法律法规................-19-4.1.1炼胶生产原料设备及工艺流程.................................................-19-4.1.2炭黑粉尘发生源.........................................................................-20-4.1.3炭黑粉尘的排放标准.................................................................-20-4.1.4炭黑粉尘爆炸设计标准.............................................................-23-4.2炼胶间炭黑粉尘控制及其治理........................................................-24-4.2.1改革工艺流程.............................................................................-24-哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文IV4.2.2完善炭黑粉尘回收系统.............................................................-24-4.2.3注意车间卫生安全...........................................