1---如何做主旨大意题学案doc

1英语阅读技巧——如何做主旨大意题主旨题型特点：要求考生能够把握文章全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。要求把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心。主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：1．MainIdea类型：选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。1．Whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage？2.Themainideaofthisarticleis______.3.Thispassageismainlyabout______.4.Thetextmainlytalksabout_________________.2．MainTopic类型：选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic（论题）或Subject（主题），或Title（标题）等。典型问题形式：1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage？2.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____.4.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageshouldbe________.5.Thepassagecanbeentitled_________.3．Purpose类型：选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。典型问题形式：Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.要正确理解一篇文章，关键是要抓住文章的主题思想。阅读中如何才能抓住文章的主旨大意呢？通常有两种方法：1.找出主题句。一般来讲，文章或段落的主题句在文章或段落的开头或结尾。但也有一些段落，其主题句在段落的中间。2.找出主题词。如果文章或段落中找不到主题句，考生就要找出主题词或关键词，然后根据对文章的理解自己归纳概括出文章的中心思想。（一）、找主题句主题句是在段落中最能概括说明段落中心思想的句子。据估计，英语中有60%——90%的说明文和科技文献都有主题句，其中50%的主题句在段首，30%的主题句在段尾，15%的主题句在段落中间。因此，如果文章只有一段，看懂文章的开头两句是极为重要的。如果文章有几段，则每一段的第一句都要仔细地读，尤其是最长的一段更要注意它的主要内容。边阅读边在主题段或主题句或重要的词句下面划线，读完全文后再回过头来重读划线部分，然后就会得出作者的主要意图例一Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti（意大利面条）,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast——foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.()Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?2A.Somepeoplelikesteakandothersredmeat.B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.（1）小结：主题句在__________________.有些段落，在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。常见的信号词有forexample，anexampleof，themostimportantexampleof；first，second，next，last，finally；tobeginwith，also，besidesthat；one；theother，some，others，等等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置例二：请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?例三：AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.Thispassagemainlytellsus_________.A.howAmericansshowrespecttoothersB.howJapaneseshowrespecttotheirAmericanacquaintancesC.AmericansandJapanesehavedifferentwaysofshowingrespectD.JapanesearenotsatisfiedwithAmericancasualbehavior（2）小结：主题句在________________________________。在做阅读理解试题时，要充分利用引出结论的信号词，如clearly，plainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；Inconclusion，inshort等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时，可添加一个引出结论的信号词以确定主题句是否是段落的最后一句话。例四：请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和引出结论的信号词Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent（清白的）.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance例五：InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcostAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralia'sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?3A.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.B.GeneralMotorsisoneofthelargestcarproducers.C.FordoperatesnotonlyintheUSA,butalsoinAsia.D.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.（3）主题句在____________________________________。趁热打铁请阅读下列短文并找出主题句例一Whatdoesthedoctorneedtoknowabouthispatient?Intheinitial（最初的）interviewthedoctorneedstoknowasmuchaspossibleabouthim,asitrelatestohisailments（疾病）.Thisisthemedicalhistory,andalthoughinformalandbrief,itisthefirststepatarrivingatadiagnosis（诊断）Thesooneracorrectdiagnosis,thequickerhecangeteffectivetherapy（治疗）例二JustasIsettledowntoreadorwatchtelevision,hedemandsthatIplaywithhim.IfIgetatelephonecall,hescreamsinthebackgroundorknockssomethingover.Ialwayshavetohanguptofindoutwhat'swrongwithhim.Baby-sittingwithmylittlebrotherisnofun.Herefuses.toletmeeatasnackinpeace.UsuallyhewantshalfofwhateverIhavetoeat.Then,whenhefinallygrowstired,ittakesaboutanhourforhimtofallasleep.（二）找主题词有时段落中没有明显的主题句。作者用一种间接的方式表达了段落的中心思想。这时我们不能轻而易举地判断出主旨或主题这样，主题句是含蓄的，它隐含在短文或段落之中，需要考生从段落中寻找主题词或词组。然后用这些主题词或词组概括和归纳出段落的中心思想。例一：Batsaretheonlyanimalsthattrulyfly.Theseanimalsusetheirleatherywingsdifferentlyfrombirds.Birdsflaptheirwingsupanddown,whileb