中考英语-定语从句讲解

定语从句请看下面的句子：Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（二）定语从句的分类Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwant.Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr.Green，whoiswatchingTV，ismyuncle.（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Maryisagirl.合并为一个句子Shehaslonghair.思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.请把下列句子二句合一thedoor2.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace（五）定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语人：who/that物：which/that2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that物：which/that3.先行词做定语人：whose物：whose/ofwhich44..先先行行词词做做状状语语：：wwhheenn,,wwhheerree,,wwhhyywho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并分解Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.作主语Whom/that作定语从句的宾语Thewoman（whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.作宾语注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1)先行词为all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代词时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.2.Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.3.Isittheonethatyouwant?4.ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.6.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?7.Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?（（七七））只只能能使使用用wwhhiicchh的的情情况况11..关关系系代代词词前前有有介介词词时时；；22..先先行行词词本本身身是是tthhaatt时时；；33..非非限限定定定定语语从从句句口口诀诀::要要有有wwhhiicchh别别着着急急，，介介词词提提前前逗逗隔隔离离。。ee..gg::11..TThhiissiisstthheeccllaassssrroooommiinnwwhhiicchhwweessttuuddiieeddffoorrttwwooyyeeaarr..22..SShheehhaassttwwooddoollllss，，wwhhiicchhaarreeffrroommhheerrppaarreennttss单项选择：1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as3.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom※4.Isthisfactoryalotofstudentsvisited?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.who5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it6.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all※7._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho注意：①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.whosavedtheboy’slifeThisisthedoctor2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.whoisrunningThemanismyuncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen/whosebagwaslost.4.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.Theyoungmanisateacher.wholivesnextdoor注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、Therearelotsofthings______Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(河北省卷)A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose2、Jimdislikespeople_______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.（吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who3、—IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday.（江苏省南京市）--Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe_______?A.leftB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.hadleft4、Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren____losttheirparentsinYushu,QinghaiProvince.(浙江省衢州市)A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whose5、Doyouknowthegirl_______issingingintheclassroom?(湖南长沙)A.whoB.whichC.when6、—ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.（江苏省扬州市）--Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople______aresufferingfromtheearthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who7、Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion______Iaskedyouthismorning?（四川省成都市）A.whenB.whatC.that8、Friendsarethose____makeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.（河南省）AwhichBwhatCwhomDwho9、IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_____HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.（湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10、Thisistheschool_______Istudiedthreeyearsago.（山东省菏泽市）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which11、—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary____________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.whichB.thatC.where12、—Thevillage_________Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.（福建省福州市）--Really?Ihopetogothereonday.A.thatB.whoC.when13、Thisismybeautifulschool_______isnearthefamouslibrary.（广西省桂林市）A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when14、Theoldwoman______iswearingapairofglasses______Mrs.Black.（黑龙江省鸡西市）A.which,areB.who,areC.who,is15、Doyoulikemusic_______makesyourelaxed?（广西省定西市）A.itB.whatC.whoD.that