Chinese Space technology 中国航天技术的发展

China'sspaceindustry•Startingfrom1956,Chinesespaceindustryhasrealizedgreatachievements.Hereisatimetableofthecountry'simportantspaceindustry.•October8,1956:TheFifthAcademyoftheNationalDefenseMinistry--thecountry'sfirstrocketresearchinstitution–wasfounded,symbolizingthebirthoftheChinesespaceindustry.•April24,1970:FirstartificialEarthsatellite--DongFangHong-1Satellite--waslaunchedatJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterasChinajoinstheformerSovietUnion,America,FranceandJapanasthefifthcountrytolaunchsatellites.•October15,2003:Thelaunchofitsfirstmannedaircraft--Shenzhou5--sentoneastronautintospace.•October24,2007:Thefirstunmannedlunarorbiter--Chang'e1--waslaunched,makingChinathefifthcountrytomasterthistechnology.•September25,2008:TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftcarryingthreecrewmemberswaslaunchedbyaLongMarch2F(CZ-2F)rocket.On27September,ZhaiZhigang,wearingaChinese-developedFeitianspacesuit,conducteda22-minutespacewalk,thefirsteverforaChineseastronaut.DongFangHongI(RedEast1)DongFangHongI(RedEast1)•ChinalauncheditsfirstsatelliteDongFangHongI(DFHI)toearthorbitonApril24,1970,becomingthefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlylaunchsatellitefollowingtheUSSR,USA,FranceandJapan.Shenzhou5•Shenzhou5mannedspaceshipindigenously(国产地)developedbyChina,waslaunchedintospaceat9:00am(BeijingTime)onOctober15,2003fromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.ItwasChina'sfirstmannedspaceflightmission.AndthislaunchmadeChinathethirdnationintheworldtoindependentlydevelopmannedspaceflight,afterRussiaandtheUnitedStates.Shenzhou7•Shenzhou7waslaunchedonSeptember25,2008,andsuccessfullyputthreeastronautsintospace.OnSeptember27,ZhaiZhigangmadeamonumental(不朽的)spacewalking,whichmeansChina'sfirststepintospace.Shenzhou7safelylandedonearthonSeptember28,whichmeansthewholemissionwascompletelysuccessful.•Duringtheshenzhou7mission,Chineseastronautmadeaspacewalkingforthefirsttime,makingagreatleapinspacetechnology,whichwasanannouncementtotheworldthatChinahadbecomethethirdonetograspkeytechnologyinspacewalking.ItwasthethirdmilestoneinthehistoryofmannedspaceflightinChina.•TherearethreestepsofChina'smoonexplorationprogram.•ThelaunchofChang'e-1wasthefirststepinthecountry'sthree-stagemoonmission,whichwillleadtoamoonlandingandlaunchofamoonrover（漫游者）in2012orthereabouts.•Thesecondphaseofthespaceprogramaimsatsoftlanding.•Inthethirdphase,anotherroverwilllandonthemoonandreturntoEarthwithlunarsoilandstonesamplesforscientificresearchinabout2017.ThisphotoshowsarenderingpictureofChina'slunarorbiterChang'eI.Chinapublishedthecountry'sfirstfullmapofthemoonsurfaceonWednesday,aboutayearafteritsfirstlunarprobe--Chang'eI--waslaunched.Officialssaidthemapcoveredafullrangeofareasonthemoonsurface,anditwasthemostcompleteimageofthemoonsurfacepublishedsofar.Tiangong-1•Tiangong-1isarendezvousanddocking（交会和对接）targetspacecraftofChina'smannedspaceengineeringproject.•Adoptinganewdesignandalotofnewtechnology,Tiangong-1consistsofanexperimentmodule（模块）andasupportmodule,whichislikeasmallspacestation.Tiangong-1(L)andShenzhouVIII[FilePhoto]MissionstoTiangong1TheunmannedShenzhou8missionisplannedtodockwithTiangong1inlate2011,markingChina'sfirstorbitaldocking.ThesubsequentmannedShenzhou9andShenzhou10missionsareplannedtodockwithTiangong1in2012.China'smannedspaceengineeringprojectfollowsathree-stepstrategicplan.•ThefirststepistosendChineseastronautsintospace,conductmulti-dayandmulti-mannedspaceflight（多人多日太空飞行）withsafereturntothepresetposition.ThetasksofthefirststephavebeenperfectlycompletedwiththeShenzhou-5toShenzhou-7missions.•Thesecondstepistomakeabreakthroughinthekeytechnologyofcarryingoutextravehicular（太空船外的）activityandrendezvousdocking（交会和对接）,sendspacestationintospace,andperformshort-termmannedspaceapplicableexperiment.•Thethirdstepistobuildapermanentspacelaboratorythatallowsastronautstoconductlong-termmannedspaceapplicableexperiment.